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The officially prescribed path of communication is orderly in nature. Informal communication always attracts people as it relates to conversation of their interest. Communications do not flow randomly within organisations, nor do they necessarily follow the formal pathways published in an organisational chart. Informal communication acts as a breather and platform for candid expression. With informal communication, they may clear out any misunderstanding or grudges and regain cordiality. 5. Therefore, management must deal with rumours effectively. There is no fixed number of communicators in informal communication. Also, informal communication systems such as the grapevine can be used by managers to benefit programmes, policies, or plans. Supplements the channels of official communication. Its intended messages are those which present the organisation’s side of issues. The following are the limitations of the formal communication: (i) The every happening in the organisation cannot be foreseen. Time-Consuming – Formal communication is bound to follow organisational structure which causes delays. People, being social creatures, have a desire to talk informally with each other. Since it is unstructured and not under complete control of management, it moves through the organization in every direction. Upward communication may be defined as a flow of communication from a lower level in an organisation to the higher level. On the other hand, horizontal or lateral communication implies exchange of ideas and information among people working at the same level of authority. Content Guidelines 2. Here in informal organization communication is done. Downward communication, if used effectively, may be advantageous in terms of increasing efficiency if clear directives are given, may build up employee morale and motivation and may lead to employee growth and development with proper counselling and guidance. It does not follow any prescribed or predetermined rule and spreads any information quickly. Crosswise or Diagonal Communication. Such communication is helpful in coordinating the activities of different departments or divisions of the enterprise. 3. (c) Circular Communication Network – In case of circular network, the message moves in a circle. With such discussions, people are satiated and in turn, they work contentedly. The merits of informal communication are as under: i. It may be moulded any time and by any one according to their desires and wishes. Large organisations are more and more viewed with distrust and suspicion. It provides feedback on how well the organization is functioning. Organisations, being formal structures, follows written mode of communication such as – letters, memos, notices, circulars, handbooks and e-mails. The inside address is typed ............... MCQ Multiple Choice Questions and Answers on Business Communication, Business Communication Trivia Questions and Answers PDF, Business Communication Question and Answer. Widely used upward communication devices include suggestion boxes, group meetings, participative decision making, and appeal or grievance procedures. While being on work, one wishes to talk and spend time for matters other than work such as taking lunch together, discussing about a common hobby in tea break, venting out after having a scolding from boss, etc. Employees seek information to reduce their uncertainty and anxiety about their jobs and the future of the company. It facilitates people to clarify misunderstandings, understand each other in a better way, and work like a team with each other and not against each other. Unofficial and informal communication system, people gossiping, and bad or embarrassing news travels fast. iv. Communication flowing through formal channels are downward, horizontal and upward whereas communication through informal channels are generally termed as grapevine. Increases Organisational Efficiency – Formal channels of communication ensure smooth flow of information through organisational hierarchy. Horizontal Communication 4. If properly utilised, it may disseminate and clarify management’s viewpoints which otherwise may not be appealing when sent through formal channels. A lot of information flows horizontally in an organization. Following formal communication for official purposes make information more structured, systematic and relevant. Explaining company rules, policies and procedures, iii. It also tends to distort people from core functioning by opening up avenues for satisfying social needs. It should not repeat the rumour. However, by better understanding the grapevine, we can successfully leverage it as part of our overall communication strategy. Oral downward communication may take place by means of instructions, meetings, the telephone, loudspeakers and even the grapevine. It is not required to be designed and planned in advance. 40. As grapevines, rumours, and gossip are deeply ingrained in organisational life. The managers relate to and learn from the environment through information received and transmitted. Upward communication is a means through which subordinates express themselves and present their work to the superiors. But formal communication tends to be slow and rigid. Audio-Visual communication is most suitable for mass .............................. and mass ............................ 39. It can easily be maintained because it derives support from authority relationships. Some studies suggest that upward communication is the most ineffective of the three formal communication channels. A grapevine is structure less and information passes through it in all directions. If not coordinated properly, lateral communication may cause delays and rift in the departments. Informal communication despite not having any formal sanction is inevitable and functions parallel to the formal structure. Thus, in case of any problem, it becomes very easy to identify the source and control the issue. Informal or Grapevine communication is an indispensable part of entire communication system. iii. Physical Barriers to communication are. Although they may not always be successful in convincing the general public that their actions are public- minded, they must try to win and maintain the support of their employees. Management does not control it, and it is very difficult for management to stop it. Formal Communication 2. 9. So get the facts across before misconceptions gain a foothold. Share Your Word File It is also known as “channel of command.”. Better Monitoring and Control – As formal communication follows a scalar chain of command to transfer information, there is absolute clarity as to what information has been sent by whom and to whom. The path of communication which are institutionally determined by the organisation. The sociogram also singles out a liaison person, who is at the centre of information flow. Therefore, management must supply the true facts in time preferably through face to face talk. To implement the plan, managers must convey this information to everyone in the organization. Moreover, such communication helps in bringing coordination between activities of various departments and tries to maintain balance between personnel of various departments as it may enable employee repositioning and shuffling. (iv) The confidential information often leaks out through informal communication. Channels of Communication – Downward, Upward and Horizontal Communication, Channels of Communication (With Advantages and Disadvantages), Channels of Communication in an Organisation, Channels of Communication – Informal Communication (With Types, Advantages and Disadvantages). Besides being job-centric, upward communication also provides a vent to employees to share their problems and grievances with their superiors. Unlike internal communication, external communication flows outward. That is, they must communicate the plan to members of the organization. A diagonal communication takes place when sale representatives submit their report directly to the Coat and Works Accountant. Welcome to EconomicsDiscussion.net! It allows for the flow of essential information. This communication stream is used by the top level managers to convey work-related information to the employees at lower levels. Interpersonal Communication : Interpersonal communications travel from individual to individual in face-to-face and group settings and the forms vary from direct verbal orders to casual, nonverbal expression. Formal communication follows practices shaped by hierarchy, technology systems, and official policy. There is a saying – “nothing comes like a free lunch.” That is one has to pay for everything. Sometimes managers also use informal communication when they find it difficult to collect information from the workers. Rumour is often created by people who are in a situation of hearing or seeing things but occupy no high position in the organization, for instance, a secretary may over hear a conversation or a storekeeper may see a discarded message. In it, members of a group or unit are asked about the other members with whom they communicate. Thus, communication in an organisation flows through following two channels: Formal communication refers to exchange of information and messages within an organisation through formally established channels and is concerned with exchange of official information. It may be disadvantageous if downward communication is used as a tool to exercise authority. It is called a wheel network since all communications pass-through the manager who acts as a central authority like a hub of a wheel. For example, the production and marketing departments should be well informed of each other’s functioning as marketing schedule and production schedule are interdependent. Grapevine Communication: It is a form of informal communication in business that develops within an organisation. One of the most commonly used media of upward communication is periodic performance reports from subordinates. Just like the grapevine plant: it spreads in random ways and it goes where it can. 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