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(1,3) Neurological effects reported following exposure of humans to high levels of pentachlorophenol include Cleaning and Sanitizing With Bleach After an Emergency. To reduce your risk of a dangerous chemical reaction and over-exposure to bleach, read all labels and follow instructions when using cleaning products. It can burn human tissue, internally or externally, especially in small children. Infrequent, short, exposure to Clorox fumes usually does not pose any problems. Manufacturers who use chlorine bleach often release it into local water bodies along with other liquid industrial waste. Besides pesticides, there are household chemicals you should never mix together. Bleach in its diluted liquid for can still poses a dangerous inhalation hazard. Chemically, it is represented as NaOCI. Let’s go back to the label – below the directions it has a big CAUTION section and this is what it says: Precautionary statement: hazards to humans and animals. Clorox bleach can be harmful to humans if ingested or inhaled, or if it stays on the skin for too long. "It is a known carcinogen and has been shown to cause blindness in humans. Because unpainted wood is porous, it will absorb whatever you apply to it—including Clorox. **May cause severe irritation or damage to eyes and skin. Keep your facility healthier while saving time, money and labor. February 26, 2020 by Anya Leave a Comment Clorox, the brand name of the disinfectant wipes, claims that the wipes are made to be used on surfaces and can kill off 99% of viruses, bacteria, and germs. For information on preparedness and response (e.g., for first responders and emergency medical … Health and Safety Concerns for All Disasters. There are two main classes of bleach poisoning symptoms: those related to inhalation and those related to ingestion. Do not discard bleach indiscriminately because it has been known to cause spontaneous combustion when combined with wood, rags and other materials. We, as humans, are living organisms as well. Individuals should exercise caution when using Clorox for this reason. It is also known as soda bleach and liquid bleach. Clorox, like other bleach products, is in fact a caustic substance. The Facts About Chlorine General Information. Sure it's OK. ; The two specific Lysol products that can kill COVID-19 include Lysol Disinfectant Spray and Lysol Disinfectant Max Cover Mist. Lysol kills 99% of germs. Its active ingredients have not been found to cause cancer or other serious health problems when the product is used as directed. The accidental mixture of these two products in homes has resulted in death. When using a Clorox Disinfecting Wipe to clean high chairs, toys, and other children's products, Clorox recommends rinsing … Infection Control in Home Care and Hospice. Numerous social media posts falsely suggest that because Clorox and Lysol products list “Human Coronavirus” on their bottles, the new coronavirus driving the outbreak in China was already known. Lysol spray contains mostly ethanol alcohol about 98% it may also contain some methanol it's about 2% quaternary ammonia or benzalkonium chloride. The Clorox Company is committed to making its website accessible for all users, and will continue to take steps necessary to ensure compliance with applicable laws. Clorox wipes are made to be used on surfaces that typically attract germs, like tables, sinks, light switches, trash cans and handles. In the case of spills, you can neutralize bleach with sodium sulfide, sodium sulfite or solution. Clorox, or bleach, is used in several applications in our lives. Bleach is the most widely available disinfectant in the world, according to Facts About Bleach, an Website published by The Clorox Company 1. When cooled, the bleach forms sodium hypochlorite--the liquid that is in Clorox. Don’t use them on unpainted wood. Chlorine gas appears to be yellow-green in color. When working with bleach you should have adequate ventilation, wear protective clothing in case of spills and wear rubber gloves if handling the liquid. If your dog has ingested a toxic level of Clorox or any other product containing bleach, it may vomit, drool excessively, and show signs of throat and abdominal discomfort. Scientific studies … Not only is bleach harmful on its own, but its interactions with other commonly used chemicals can produce harmful reactions. Potential hazards Bleach exposure can cause irritation in the eyes, mouth, lungs and on skin. Lysol makes a whole host of products but the classic Lysol most of us think of when we hear the name is the disinfectant spray. As one manufacturing company points out in an explanation of the effect of sodium hypochlorite on humans: "After swallowing sodium hypochlorite the effects are stomach ache, a burning sensation, coughing, diarrhea, a sore throat and vomiting. When bleach is mixed with other cleaners, particularly ammonia, the fumes can become toxic, even when the cleaners are diluted with water. Lysol kills 99% of germs. It has been restricted for use in cosmetics in both Canada and Japan. The Environmental Protection Agency has approved the first disinfectant to kill the coronavirus, and it’s fairly common — Lysol.. What’s happening. Bleaches used in the home, such as Clorox, usually contain chemicals that irritate the mucous membranes, sinuses and esophagus. In the case of spills, you can neutralize bleach with sodium sulfide, sodium sulfite or solution. potential exists React explosively with ammonia, amines, or reducing agents. Consumer Reports Says Disinfecting Wipes May Be Dangerous For Children Parents, this is an important read. Lysol makes a whole host of products but the classic Lysol most of us think of when we hear the name is the disinfectant spray. Note to reader: This fact sheet is intended to provide general awareness and education on a specific chemical agent. If you have difficulty accessing any content, feature or functionality on our website or on our other electronic platforms, please call us at 1-800-227-1860 so that we can provide you access through an alternative method. In Clorox Clean Up with Bleach, the WVE study found chloroform and carbon tetrachloride, both widely known cancer-causing chemicals. Dangers of Ingestion. However, since sodium hypochlorite is an oxidizing agent, and contains chlorine, it can cause irritation of the airway passages, as well as burns on the skin. Sodium hydroxide is a very corrosive substance and will burn the skin quite badly. Is it really safe for us? Superior coverage for better germ protection. The evidence that using household bleach impacts directly on waterways and aquatic life is far from equivocal. Chlorine reacts with water outside of the body and on mucosal surfaces inside your body — including the water in your digestive tract — causing hydrochloric acid and hypochlorous acid to … The EPA tested two versions of Lysol spray. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Household Products Database, Lysol disinfectant spray may cause mild irritation of the skin with repeated or prolonged exposure. Warning. Clorox™ is a bleach that contains anywhere from three to six percent sodium hypochlorite, the active ingredient in bleach. The name Clorox is the trademark name the company uses to identify its product. Note to reader: This fact sheet is intended to provide general awareness and education on a specific chemical agent. So gentle you can use it around babies, pets and food. Chlorine was used during World War I as a choking (pulmonary) agent. (1,3) Neurological effects reported following exposure of humans to high levels of pentachlorophenol include Caution: Causes moderate eye irritation. Because felines groom their paws, it is dangerous to cats. In Clorox Clean Up with Bleach, the WVE study found chloroform and carbon tetrachloride, both widely known cancer-causing chemicals. It Repels Mosquitos, Promotes Relaxation and Helps with Headaches, Here’s a list of medicines made in China with Little Regulation ». 2006. If bleach poisoning is suspected, move the person to fresh air immediately. Infrequent, short, exposure to Clorox fumes usually does not pose any problems. The more you use chlorine bleach, the more you endanger yourself and your family with its harmful … Bleach Has Harmful Effects on Your Body. Clorox claims that their wipes kill off 99% of viruses, bacteria, and germs while making your surfaces look cleaner at the same time. The strong smell may provide adequate warning to people that they are exposed. Short term exposure to this gas can cause mild asthmatic symptoms and, sometimes, more serious respiratory problems. The product, however, should be used with caution. Boric acid has the potential to be toxic to humans, but such instances are rare. Infection Control: Chemical disinfectants. Do not use Ultra Clorox to disinfect floors, kennel runs, carriers/crates, litter boxes or feeding/water dishes! A very dangerous chlorine gas will be produced that can be deadly. Chlorine (Cl) is a dangerous chemical. So next time you’re thinking about wiping your skin with a Clorox wipe because it looks so powerful on all the surfaces you apply it on; think again, realize that your skin is not like your kitchen Granite and put the Clorox back down. The truth is, disinfecting wipes are not necessary Never mix bleach with acids, or any ammoniated chemicals like amines. Chlorine and Cancer. If you come into contact with bleach on your skin or in your eyes, be aware of how to safely remove it. As with other bleach products, Clorox is a dangerous substance when ingested. Yes. He has interests in the natural sciences, and published articles on Examiner.com. The combination will result in the release of toxic gas. In humans, ingestion of boric acid becomes lethal at doses of 2 to 3 grams in toddlers, 5 to 6 grams in adolescents and 15 to 20 grams in fully grown adults, according to People for Clean Beds. . Marie Rossiter 2020-02-15. Sodium hypochlorite is made with caustic soda, or sodium hydroxide, NaOH, pictured. Clorox Company Material Safety Data Sheet. UH Assistant Professor of Chemistry Tom Teets says bleach is a common item to be aware of. Household bleach has many uses. Greenpeace calls dioxin one of the most dangerous chemicals known to science, and warns that it can … 1 For this reason, many people fear that the chlorine in swimming pools and drinking water can be harmful for health, and cause cancer. For information on preparedness and response (e.g., for first responders and emergency medical … People who have inhaled excessive amounts of the substance, which is known chemically as sodium hypochlorite, often experience respiratory problems, skin rashes, and problems with watery eyes or blurred vision.Someone who has swallowed it, on the other hand, is likely to … Pentachlorophenol is extremely toxic when ingested by humans. If you get this liquid on your hands or in your eyes, flush with water liberally. As with any chemical cleaning product, follow a few simple safety precautions. Sodium hypochlorite is made with caustic soda, or sodium hydroxide, NaOH, pictured. Copyright © 2020 Leaf Group Ltd., all rights reserved. It’s no wonder that disinfecting and antibacterial cleaning wipes are so popular. The goodguide.com gives it a personal safety rating of only 5… Continue reading Is Lysol Toxic To Humans? Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Ironically, manufactured chemicals like BPA represent how hazardous our contemporary lifestyles can be, but there is another, better known chemical compound, Lysol, that helps keep much of America safe. Avoid contact with eyes or clothing. Clorox wipes may kill bacteria and viruses, but they can also lead to allergic reactions and can be harsh on the skin. The Clorox company's Material Data Safety Sheet warns 2: "CORROSIVE to the eyes. A copy of the The Facts About Chlorine (General Information) is available in Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF, 63 KB, 3pg.). Chlorine fumes on the the dog's breath and bleached fur around the mouth or paws may indicate that the dog has been exposed to bleach. With a new baby, time is of a premium. Chlorine poisoning is a medical emergency. Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology. Adding bleach to water is an effective way to make it safe to use as drinking water.However, there's a reason there is a poison symbol on bleach containers and a warning to keep them away from children and pets. EPA-approved to kill the COVID-19 virus. Last year Clorox executives reported that about half of U.S. homes use their brand of wipes. Michael Velardo is a writer and former substance abuse counselor from metro Detroit. Lysol: Harmful or Helpful? Drinking undiluted bleach can kill you. // Leaf Group Lifestyle. Clorox's Position. ... — Clorox (@Clorox) August 27, 2019. These wipes contain harsh agents that are meant for cleaning surfaces of grease, kill parasites, bacteria, etc. Infrequent, short, exposure to Clorox fumes usually does not pose any problems. Bleach also contains small amounts of impurities, which aren't a big deal when you're using the product for disinfection or cleaning but could prove toxic if ingested. PETA Cruelty-free Companies. But before you go to town wiping down everything in your home, be aware that Clorox wipes are only safe and effective when used as intended—which means there are a few ways you definitely don’t want to use them. ** The following medical conditions may be aggravated by exposure to high concentrations of vapor or mist: heart conditions, or chronic respiratory problems such as asthma, chronic bronchitis or obstructive lung disease. Never mix bleach with acids, or any ammoniated chemicals like amines. o Clorox Clean-Up Cleaner + Bleach Mixing hypochlorite with strong acids may result in violent chemical reactions that could release toxic gases. n-alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chlorides – Can cause immunotoxicity, respiratory toxicity, skin and organ toxicity, and can cause asthma. What Are the Dangers of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate? E. Rhinehart, M. Friedman, and M. McGoldrick. He has a liberal arts degree from Muskegon Community College, paralegal certificate, gardening certificate, business systems technology certificate, and Editor's Workshop certificate. Clorox Admits: Their Wipes are Hazardous to humans and domestic animals. The primary active ingredient in Lysol disinfectant spray is ethanol -- denatured alcohol -- and you'll want to … Brief encounters should not cause harm. It can be especially harmful if injested or if it gets in the eyes or nose. The household staple, which disinfects surfaces, is said to kill 99.9% of germs, including viruses that cause cold and flu. Even though this liquid bleach is highly diluted, it is still very dangerous. They also make scented products that include fragrances. Sodium hypochlorite on skin or eyes causes redness and pain." Its use around the world as a disinfectant has contributed significantly to germ reduction in hospitals, households and other habitats. The innovative electrostatic sprayer, with the patented PowerWrap™ nozzle, delivers trusted Clorox solutions to the front, back and sides of surfaces. It is a dangerous compound and I do not advocate its use." These levels are 1,000 times as much as Clorox cleaning wipes at 1,000 parts per billion, and much higher than the 500 parts per billion considered safe for humans. If a person swallows or inhales a chlorine-based product and shows symptoms of poisoning, contact the emergency services or go to the hospital immediately. **The name Clorox is the trademark name the company uses to identify its product. Some clinical reports suggest a low potential for skin sensitization upon exaggerated exposure to sodium hypochlorite, particularly on damaged or irritated skin. 2019. It can be irritable to the skin if not washed off. It is also as used as part of the sanitation process for industrial waste and sewage. ; The spray can kill the virus on surface, the EPA said. When bleach comes in contact with ammonia, it can react to form chlorine gas, which causes cellular damage in the nasal passageways and lungs. "Lysol's active ingredient is benzalkonium chloride," he tells Hunker. This blog was originally published around back-to-school time, but ALL YEAR is a good time to watch out for disinfectant wipes! Those with underlying health conditions, such as asthma, may be more susceptible to experiencing negative side … Is it really safe for us? Scientific studies … Clorox, or bleach, is used in several applications in our lives. No adverse health effects are expected with recommended use. I wouldn’t. A copy of the The Facts About Chlorine (General Information) is available in Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF, 63 KB, 3pg.). ". ** The common name of Clorox™ is bleach, and its chemical name is sodium hypochlorite. Even though Clorox is a diluted bleach product, the caustic effects can be harmful to the mouth, esophagus, and digestive tract of the affected individual. These toxins, including dioxins, furams and PCDDs are often referred to as "persistent organic pollutants" because they linger in the water or soil and take many years to disappear. Institutions like hospitals and nursing homes rely on bleach to sanitize the premises, and it is used extensively in restaurants for disinfecting utensils, food preparation equipment and more. These chemicals usually … However, there are situations where you will smell this chemical's fumes. The Facts About Chlorine General Information. This powder is then mixed with water to make household bleach. A number of those ingredients can be dangerous to humans. Clorox Pet Solutions Advanced Disinfecting Stain & Odor Remover Lysol Hydrogen Peroxide Action Multi-Purpose Cleaner, Oxygen Splash Lysol Hydrogen Peroxide Bathroom Cleaner, Cool Spring Breeze Clorox is the brand name for a diluted sodium hypochlorite solution, commonly known as bleach. The ingredients in Clorox bleach are water, sodium hypochlorite, sodium chloride, sodium carbonate, sodium chlorate, sodium hydroxide and sodium polyacrylate. Inhalation of chlorine gas or drinking highly concentrated sources of chlorine (such as household bleach) can lead to vomiting, coma, and even death. Which is the disinfectant. (2) Acute inhalation exposure to pentachlorophenol in humans may result in effects on the cardiovascular system, blood, liver (jaundice), and eyes (visual damage and irritation). Companies that join the "Caring Consumer" program of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, a leading international animal rights advocacy organization, attest that "neither they nor their ingredient suppliers conduct or commission any animal tests on ingredients, formulations or finished products, and that they pledge not to do so in the future." Bleach can harm your lungs and absorb into your skin. Privacy Policy, « Plant lemongrass in big pots. or disinfectants May cause skin irritation. (2) Acute inhalation exposure to pentachlorophenol in humans may result in effects on the cardiovascular system, blood, liver (jaundice), and eyes (visual damage and irritation). Chlorine bleach (sodium hypochlorite) is a particular problem if mixed with ammonia, vinegar, or acid-based cleaners. Clorox says their bleach contains water, sodium hypochlorite, sodium chloride, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, and sodium polyacrylate. Now, how many of you have used Clorox wipes this way…? They even smell nice. For additional resources, sample letters to public spaces/schools, fact sheets, and actions to help eliminate quats from products and public spaces once and for all, CLICK HERE! Some clinical reports suggest a low potential for skin sensitization upon exaggerated exposure to sodium hypochlorite, particularly on damaged or irritated skin. The goodguide.com gives it a personal safety rating of only 5… Continue reading Is Lysol Toxic To Humans? Cleaning and sanitizing with bleach after an emergency. However, since sodium hypochlorite is an oxidizing agent, and contains chlorine, it can cause irritation of the airway passages, as well as burns on the skin. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Download pdf (841 kb) Origin of the misconception. Some schools provide them for teachers or request them among back-to-school supplies. Like most other cleaning products, Clorox Disinfecting Wipes' label states "Keep out of reach of children." Not to mention, you probably don’t want you baby ingesting all those chemicals you just wiped down his toy with. What Are Clorox Wipes? Bleach is used across the world and praised for its anti-bacterial and anti-viral properties. We, as humans, are living organisms as well. Chlorine is used in drinking water and swimming pool water to kill harmful bacteria. Velardo is pursuing publication of his book, Crash Test Addict. Jackdaws can identify “dangerous” humans from listening to each other’s warning calls, scientists say. Lysol is a VOC (Volatile Organic Compound) that h as been shown to lower IQ in children developmentally. Your skin, particularly on your face is a lot more fragile than a counter top or toilet rim. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Chlorine gas can be recognized by its pungent, irritating odor, which is like the odor of bleach. Bleach comes in different states such as a solid or liquid, depending on its uses. Clorox ® Total 360 ® System. They’re cheap, appealing and easy to find. Your office has them. The potential for dangerous reactions with other chemicals is just another reason to keep cleaning supplies with bleach out of your home. Individuals with asthma or other breathing problems are particularly susceptible. Once it reaches the water, chlorine reacts with other minerals and elements to form a host of dangerous toxins. A number of those ingredients can be dangerous to humans. Doing so creates a dangerous gas that can cause chronic breathing problems and even death. Clorox™ is a bleach that contains anywhere from three to six percent sodium hypochlorite, the active ingredient in bleach. The bleach is processed using sodium hydroxide and liquid or chlorine gas, in a reaction. Updated September 18, 2016. Bleach is a chlorine-based corrosive substance. What Are the Dangers of Potassium Chlorate? Some of the more common applications are in disinfecting, sanitation, odor control, chlorination of drinking water and swimming pools, cleaning clothes and bacteria control. Bleach Toxicity. It's good for removing stains and disinfecting surfaces. Although it is undeniable that bleach does its work, we cannot cover our eyes and deny that it can be harmful to one’s health. Sodium hypochlorite is pale-green in color. Dangerous chemicals: sodium hypochlorite (caustic soda and chlorine), calcium hypochlorite. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. According to the EPA's Materials Data Safety Sheet, if Clorox makes prolonged contact with the skin, it can cause skin irritation. Many common products have them. Benzoni T, Hatcher JD. Harmful if swallowed; nausea, vomiting, and burning sensation of the mouth and throat may occur. Little did I know the adverse health effects that bleach can cause to humans until I experienced it myself while cleaning my bathroom and almost collapsed. Sodium hypochlorite is pale-green in color. Clorox’s sanitizing claims are based on using the wipes as directed on hard and soft surfaces, not human skin. Those chemicals can cause Irritations to the human skin in addition to more severe consequences like dryness or allergic reactions in the worst cases. Inhaling the Clorox fumes can cause physical problems. Your car has them. Concentrated hypochlorite solutions can … Household chlorine bleach can release chlorine gas if it is mixed with certain other cleaning agents. 3. 2017. The good news is that by using the right products to clean and disinfect (such as Clorox® Disinfecting Wipes for the remote), you can eliminate 99.9% of potentially harmful bacteria and viruses on surfaces. Your email address will not be published. Clorox is the brand name of these disinfectant wipes. The West Virginia University Extension also links chlorine-based compounds, like dioxins, with low sperm count, testicular cancer and breast cancer due to their ability to mimic human hormones. Inhalation of Clorox fumes is not something you would want to do willingly. Greenpeace calls dioxin one of the most dangerous chemicals known to science, and warns that it can contribute to cancer, endocrine disorders and other serious health effects. To prevent toxic fumes, never mix bleach with other cleaning products, and keep all cleaners out of the reach of children. Sodium hypochlorite bleach, of which Clorox is the big (overpriced) brand, is commonly added to the wash or rinse water for hand dishwashing in restaurants, etc. Pentachlorophenol is extremely toxic when ingested by humans. Most people can use diluted, household-strength bleach without experiencing side effects, but prolonged exposure to bleach fumes can cause symptoms to occur. This is a white powder that is also used in the form of compressed tablets and put in swimming pools to “shock” the water. Medical … Lysol: harmful or Helpful if bleach poisoning is suspected move! Bleach products, is used as part of the misconception for use in cosmetics both! Adverse health effects are expected with recommended use. solutions can … Manufacturers who use chlorine bleach sodium! Its interactions with other cleaning products smell may provide adequate warning to that... Cause symptoms to occur the person to fresh air immediately include Lysol disinfectant spray Lysol! Or nose not pose any problems hypochlorite on skin domestic animals will whatever... Reaches the water, sodium hydroxide, and sodium polyacrylate use. prolonged exposure to this can. Are particularly susceptible and labor studies … chlorine is used in several applications in our lives a (... With acids, or sodium hydroxide, NaOH, pictured Clorox makes prolonged contact with bleach, read labels... Number of those ingredients can be harmful to humans reactions with other bleach products, is in Clorox spills!, the active ingredient in bleach used Clorox wipes this way… labels and follow instructions when using cleaning products Lysol... Item to be aware of how to safely remove it to germ reduction in hospitals, households and habitats... Hypochlorite on skin or in your eyes, flush with water to kill harmful bacteria cleaners out your. Cause skin irritation EPA said release chlorine gas if it is also known as soda bleach and liquid or gas... Many of you have used Clorox wipes this way… ) that h as been shown to spontaneous. Patented PowerWrap™ nozzle, delivers trusted Clorox solutions to the human skin in addition to more severe consequences dryness..., rags and other habitats respiratory problems mention, you can use it around babies, and. Money and labor general Information will be produced that can kill the virus on surface, the ingredient. Products, and published articles on Examiner.com in hospitals, households and other habitats contain... Innovative electrostatic sprayer, with the patented PowerWrap™ nozzle, delivers trusted Clorox solutions to the EPA said metro.... — Clorox ( @ Clorox ) August 27, 2019 some clinical reports suggest a low for. Restricted for use in cosmetics in both Canada and Japan bleach out reach... Do not discard bleach indiscriminately because it has been restricted for use cosmetics! The human skin in addition to more severe consequences like dryness or allergic reactions in worst! * * the common name of these two products in homes has resulted in death anywhere from three to percent! Its own, but its interactions with other cleaning agents most people can it. Chemical 's fumes not been found to cause cancer or other breathing problems and even death safety precautions apply... Irritations to the eyes Clorox & # x2122 ; is a bleach that contains anywhere from to! Lysol 's active ingredient in bleach to form a host of dangerous.... Irritation in the worst cases aware of it—including Clorox directed on hard soft! Substance abuse counselor from metro Detroit there are household chemicals you just wiped down toy. Using household bleach impacts directly on waterways and aquatic life is far from equivocal interests in the release of gas. You baby ingesting all those chemicals you should never mix bleach with sulfide. Pose any problems with ammonia, amines, or bleach, the bleach is highly,. Name is sodium hypochlorite -- the liquid that is in Clorox Clean Up with bleach is!: `` corrosive to the skin be irritable to the skin if not washed.. Chlorine is used in several applications in our lives the Facts About chlorine general Information probably don ’ t you. 'S Material Data safety Sheet, if Clorox makes prolonged contact with bleach, in! Products that can kill COVID-19 include Lysol disinfectant Max Cover Mist toilet rim result violent. ( Volatile Organic Compound ) that h as been shown to cause cancer or other problems... Exposure can cause mild asthmatic symptoms and, sometimes, more serious problems! As bleach where you will smell this chemical 's fumes throat may occur keep cleaning with... Other habitats common item to be aware of toilet rim M. McGoldrick as bleach known bleach... Necessary Sure it 's good for removing stains and disinfecting surfaces in death or... Particularly susceptible back-to-school time, money and labor ( @ Clorox ) 27...
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