osteochondral lesion talus radiology
The first system of classification has been reported by Berndt and Harty in 1959 [4], including four stages based on their radiological appearance. Sirlin CB, Brossmann J, Boutin RD et-al. In addition, factors The authors developed a minimally invasive method with computer-assisted navigation for retrograde drilling of osteochondral lesions of the talus. Pioneer in Rad Blogging. Similar to the Outerbridge classification widely used in staging of cartilage lesions of the knee, a modified staging system for evaluation of the depth of cartilage defects with correlation to arthroscopy may be used in the ankle (Figure 10). Coronal (b) and sagittal (c) reformatted CBCT-A show subtle subchondral sclerosis (black arrow) at the superolateral aspect of the talar dome, but the overlying cartilage is intact. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2333031921, Kirschke, JS, Braun, S, Baum, T, Holwein, C, Schaeffeler, C, Imhoff, AB, et al. Presentation. Glossary of terms for musculoskeletal radiology. Causes: Talar dome lesions are usually caused by an injury, such as an ankle sprain. Coronal PD fat suppressed MRI image (b) revealing BME (star) in the posteromedial part of the talar dome. W B Saunders Co. (2001) ISBN:0721690270. 3 c Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine , University of Ulsan , Seoul , Republic of Korea. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546508316773, Dipaola, JD, Nelson, DW and Colville, MR. Characterizing osteochondral lesions by magnetic resonance imaging. The authors have no competing interests to declare. cartilage injury with associated subchondral fracture but without detachment Treatment principles of osteochondral lesions of the talus are based on debridement of the chondral component and attempts to stimulate revascularization of the necrotic osseous component of the lesion. With the advent of MRI, this grading system was further revised including evaluation of structures invisible on conventional radiology, such as the integrity of the cartilage and presence of BME. Recht MP, Kramer J. MR imaging of the postoperative knee: a pictorial essay. Arthroscopy. This term covers a wide spectrum of pathologies including (sub)chondral contusion, osteochondritis dissecans, osteochondral fracture and osteoarthritis resulting from longstanding disease. This condition is also known as osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the talus or a talar osteochondral lesion (OCL). Osteochondral lesions of the talus present a numerically small but therapeutically significant problem to the foot surgeon. Morrison, et al.Osteochondral lesions of the talus: localization and morphologic data from 424 patients using a novel anatomical grid scheme. Much of this bone is covered with cartilage. Materials and method: This retrospective IRB-approved and HIPPA-compliant study included children with OLT, who underwent an ankle MRI examination between March … Kaplan P. Musculoskeletal MRI. Isolated lesions of cartilage or subchondral bone are not considered an OCD 6. Some smaller cystic lesions are incidental findings, remain stable and quiescent and do not require treatment, but should be monitored with serial radiology . 3 . 1. 1 ) and anterolateral (46%) talar dome ( 1 ). Arthroscopy. 1999; 20(12): 789–93. Arthroscopy. The main reason for that is the fact that we need images with high spatial resolution to detect early changes of articular cartilage of the ankle joint. September 2018, Volume 15, Issue 3. Example of understaging of the cartilage defect of an OCL on MRI compared to CBCT arthrography. For staging of OCL of the talus several grading systems have been proposed. Osteochondral Defect Monday, September 15, 2008 MRI, Musculoskeletal MRI, Musculoskeletal radiology. Retrograde drilling of osteochondral lesions of the medial talar dome. Journal of the Belgian Society of Radiology 101, no. Example of improved visualization of communication of subchondral cysts with the joint through deep articular cartilage lesions on CBCT arthrography. Articular cartilage covering the articular surfaces (blue), cortical bone (black), normal bone marrow (yellow) and ligaments (brown). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1053/jars.2003.50041, Anderson, IF, Crichton, KJ, Grattan-Smith, T, Cooper, RA and Brazier, D. Osteochondral fractures of the dome of the talus. Recently, Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) of small joints has been introduced as an alternative technique for Multi Detector CT, combining a very high spatial resolution, low radiation dose and low cost [3]. Accurate physiotherapy diagnosis in addition to an appropriate physiotherapy rehabilitation program is essential to ensure an optimal outcome. 1986; 68(6): 862–5. J Bone Joint Surg Am. Foot Ankle Surg. Later on, this grading system has been modified to computed tomographic evaluation and correlated with arthroscopy, distinguishing cystic lesion of talar dome seen in primary stages with or without communication to the articular surface and detached fragment in more advanced lesions [6]. An Osteochondral Lesion of the Distal Tibia and Fibula in Patients With an Osteochondral Lesion of the Talus on MRI: Prevalence, Location, and Concomitant Ligament and Tendon Injuries. Purpose: The purpose of our study was to investigate the performance of MRI findings to predict instability of osteochondral lesion of the talus (OLT) in children and the association between skeletal maturity and lesion stability. It combines high spatial resolution, relatively low radiation dose and low equipment cost and is useful for evaluation of trauma of small bones and joints, particularly when there is clinical suspicion for a fracture despite negative plain radiographs [3]. Staging of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus: MRI and Cone Beam CT. Journal of the Belgian Society of Radiology, 101(S2), p.1. This underscores the value of preoperative imaging. Osteochondral lesions ... radiology, and sports medicine literature. Pfirrmann. Diagnosis certain Diagnosis certain . We aimed to examine whether CLAI is associated with the size and staging of medial OLT on radiographs, … Based on the combination of MRI and CBCT findings the diagnosis of a subchondral insufficiency fracture (SIF) was made. Many of these lesions are first diagnosed by plain film. Articular cartilage lining remains homogenous without any signal changes (Figure 7). The majority of those lesions occur in active patients and are related to trauma. Osteochondral lesions (OCL) of the talus are defined as any damage involving both articular cartilage and subchondral bone of the talar dome. Osteochondral lesions (OCL) of the talus involve both articular cartilage and subchondral bone of the talar dome. the cartilage layer is intact, and the lesions may not be seen at arthroscopy. 2 of 7 Posadzy et al: Staging of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus Figure 1: Location of the OCL according to the mechanism of trauma. The overlying cartilage is intact at the talus, whereas there is subtle cartilage lesion at the distal tibia (arrow). The aim of this study was to summarize all eligible studies to compare the effectiveness of treatment strategies for osteochondral defects (OCD) of the talus. Osteochondral Lesion of the Talus (OLT) Tracey A. Littrell, DC, DACBR, DACO, CCSP. Biomed Res Int. When the latter is present, then joint replacement is often the only feasible treatment. Compared to the articular cartilage of the knee, cartilage of the ankle joint is very thin and the spatial resolution of MRI may be insufficient for detection of small lesions. Anatomy of the talocrural joint. The presence of intraarticular contrast and high spatial resolution improves visualization of the cartilage surfaces compared to routine MRI on 1.5 Tesla. It is often used synonymously with osteochondral injury/defect and in the pediatric population. Check for errors and try again. Alternative diagnosis on CBCT compared to MRI. Juvenile Particulate Osteochondral Allograft for Treatment of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus: Detection of Altered Repair Tissue Biochemical Composition Using 7 Tesla MRI and T2 Mapping. Stage 3 according to Anderson classification. Most classification systems are based on lesion descriptions by Berndt and Harty ( 2 ): PURPOSE: Little is known about the arthroscopic or radiographic outcomes after arthroscopic microfracture of osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs). 1 ) and anterolateral (46%) talar dome ( 1 ). “Staging of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus: MRI and Cone Beam CT”. Example of accurate staging of the status of the articular cartilage in paediatric OCL. Lesion size, location, chronicity, and characteristics such as displacement and the presence of subchondral cysts help dictate the appropriate treatment … The diagnosis and investigation of such lesions have been greatly enhanced by modern high resolution magnetic resonance imaging capabilities, which have provided far greater detail of the pathological anatomy. J Bone Joint Surg Am. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fas.2013.10.005, https://doi.org/10.2106/00004623-198668060-00007, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00256-015-2127-3, https://doi.org/10.2106/00004623-195941060-00002, https://doi.org/10.1177/107110079902001206, https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-8063(91)90087-E, https://doi.org/10.2106/00004623-198971080-00004, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-008-0607-x, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-006-0446-4, https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2333031921. Staging of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus: MRI and Cone Beam CT. Journal of the Belgian Society of Radiology. • Goh GSH et al. Jung HG(1), Kim NR(2), Jeon JY(3), Lee DO(4), Eom JS(1), Lee JS(1), Kim SW(1). If the cartilage does not heal properly following the injury, it may soften and break off. Coronal proton density (b) shows focal hypointense thickening of the talar dome (arrow). Osteochondral autograft transfer involves harvesting single or multiple cylindrical cartilage and subchondral bone grafts from the non-weight-bearing part of the ipsilateral knee and transplanting them into the talar defect after preparation. Eur Radiol. Schematic drawing shows the basic anatomy of the talocrural joint (Figure 2a). Characterizing osteochondral lesions by magnetic resonance imaging. This is referred to as an osteochondral defect (OCD) or osteochondral lesion of the talus (OLT). 2017. MR imaging of the ankle at 3 Tesla and 1.5 Tesla: Protocol optimization and application to cartilage, ligament and tendon pathology in cadaver specimens. Osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs) are lesions of the articular cartilage of the talus and underlying subchondral bone. On a corresponding sagittal reformatted CBCT-A (c), there is almost complete detachment of the cartilage at the superolateral aspect of the talar dome (black arrow). Stage 1 lesions are due to bone marrow contusion. Osteochondral lesions are injuries to the talus (the bottom bone of the ankle joint) that involve both the bone and the overlying cartilage. Although Conventional Radiography (CR) is still the initial diagnostic modality used for evaluation of ankle pain, later studies showed that 30–43% of talar OCL diagnosed on MRI were invisible on CR [5]. (2018) Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc. 38 (5): 1478-1495. S2, 2017, p. 1. Characterizing osteochondral lesions by magnetic resonance imaging. Chronic osteochondral lesion of the talus after ankle trauma. “Staging of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus: MRI and Cone Beam CT”. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00256-015-2127-3, Berndt, AL and Harty, M. Transchondral fractures (osteochondritis dissecans) of the talus. Coronal (c, d) reformatted CBCT-A clearly shows an extensive cartilage lesion down to bone with adjacent cartilage flap (black arrow). Author information: (1)Department of Orthopedics, University Hospital Balgrist, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Patients and methods - This study included 142 patients w … C = cuneiform bone, Cal = calcaneus, Cu = cuboid bone, F = fibula, M = metatarsal bones, N = navicular bone, Ph = phalanges, STJ = posterior facet of the subtalar joint, Tb = talar body, TD = talar dome, Th = talar head, Ti = tibia, Tn = talar neck. Art. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-008-0607-x, Barr, C, Bauer, JS, Malfair, D, Ma, B, Henning, TD, Steinbach, L, et al. A modified grading system has been proposed by Hepple in 1999 [5] and by Dipaola et al. DOI: http://doi.org/10.5334/jbr-btr.1377. Schmid MR et col. Skeletal Radiology 2003 - Coupes Axiales, reconstruction dans les 3 plans - Reconstruction 3 D -Etude : - lame osseuse sous chondrale - Spongieux - Corps Etrangers et Ligaments Calcifiés - Partie molles (ligaments) Fenêtres Parties molles Axiales Fenêtres Osseuses Coronales Sagittales Scanner Forme F 3D Berndt AL, Harty M. J Bone Joint Surg 1959 … Isolated lesions of cartilage or subchondral bone are not considered an OCD 6. Purpose: The purpose of our study was to investigate the performance of MRI findings to predict instability of osteochondral lesion of the talus (OLT) in children and the association between skeletal maturity and lesion stability. The articular surface of the talus is large and its blood supply is critical in the watershed areas [1] explaining an impaired healing process and predisposition to posttraumatic necrosis in those vulnerable areas. Therefore, for more accurate evaluation of cartilage covering of articular surfaces of the talar dome and distal tibia and fibula, direct arthrographic techniques combined with CT and MRI may be useful (Figure 2d). ObjectiveTo determine the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) MOCART (Magnetic Resonance Observation of Cartilage Repair Tissue) 1 and 2.0 scores in the assessment of … 2008; 36(9): 1750–62. Please note that OCD is a commonly used abbreviation for both osteochondral defect and osteochondritis dissecans, two closely related conditions. CT arthrography visualizes tissue growth of osteochondral defects of the talus after microfracture. The most common sites are the posteromedial (53%) ( Fig. ADVERTISEMENT: Radiopaedia is free thanks to our supporters and advertisers. They require a strong plan. Cartilage damage may have a variable imaging appearance ranging from a small fissure, a distinct defect, flap formation or delamination. Weigelt L(1), Hartmann R(1), Pfirrmann C(2), Espinosa N(3), Wirth SH(1). Gorbachova T, Melenevsky Y, Cohen M, Cerniglia BW. Foot Ankle Surg 2012;51:556-60. 2017;101(S2):1. It is often used synonymously with osteochondral injury/defect and in the pediatric population. The diagnosis and investigation of such lesions have been greatly enhanced by modern high resolution magnetic resonance imaging capabilities, which have provided far greater detail of the pathological anatomy. 2014; 20(1): 57–60. Materials and methods: MR images of 42 ankles were retrospectively reviewed during a period of 67 months. Vira S(1), Ramme AJ(1), Chapman C(2), Xia D(3), Regatte RR(4), Chang G(5). William Palmer, Laura Bancroft, Fiona Bonar, Jung-Ah Choi, Anne Cotten, James F. Griffith, Philip Robinson, Christian W.A. Disqus. Stage 4 consists of a displaced fragment, often accompanied with surrounding bone marrow edema. Coronal (c) and sagittal (d) reformatted CBCT-A show a focal bony lesion with peripheral sclerosis in the distal tibia and talus. CBCT-Arthrography (CBCT-A) of the talocrural joint, coronal reformatted image (d) showing smooth cartilage lining covering the normal subchondral bone of the talus (arrow) and tibia (arrowhead). The purpose of this study was to investigate tissue growth after arthroscopic microfracture of OLTs using computed tomography arthrography (CTA) and to identify the relationship between CTA findings and clinical outcomes. 2004; 233(3): 768–73. MRI. Schematic drawing of the normal talocrural joint (a). 2017;101(S2):1. We describe ten patients with an osteochondral lesion of the talus who underwent ACI using cartilage taken from the knee and were prospectively reviewed with a mean follow-up of 23 months. Arthroscopic drilling is an effective and minimally invasive treatment. Studies on cadavers performed on CT arthrography [12] showed more accurate cartilage thickness measurements in comparison to standard MRI, which is in line with a superior evaluation of OCL with CT arthrographic techniques [13] (Figure 9). You JY(1)(2), Lee GY(1)(3), Lee JW(1), Lee E(1), Kang HS(1). The talus is the 3rd most common site (after the knee and elbow) of osteochondral lesions. Art. Osteochondral lesions of the talus are relatively uncommon but may be a cause of significant pain and disability in symptomatic patients. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2106/00004623-195941060-00002, Hepple, S, Winson, IG and Glew, D. Osteochondral lesions of the talus: A revised classification. Diagram shows the classic four signs of instability in an OCD lesion: 1, high signal intensity rim at the interface between the fragment and the adjacent bone on T2-weighted MR images; 2, fluid-filled cysts beneath the lesion; 3, a high-signal-intensity line extending through the articular cartilage overlying the lesion; and 4, a focal osteochondral defect filled with joint fluid. OLTs have been known historically by varied nomenclature, including osteochondritis dissecans, talar dome fracture, transchondral fracture, and flake fracture. Osteochondral lesion of the talus in children: Are there MRI findings of instability? J Bone Joint Surg Am. Home MRI Musculoskeletal MRI Musculoskeletal radiology Osteochondral Defect. Osteochondral defects (OCD) or lesions (OCL) are focal areas of damage with articular cartilage damage and injury of the adjacent subchondral bone plate and subchondral cancellous bone. Materials and method: This retrospective IRB-approved and HIPPA-compliant study included children with OLT, who underwent an ankle MRI examination between March … Additional CBCT-Arthrography is, however, very useful for more accurate cartilage staging and should be considered in those clinical scenarios where arthroscopic treatment of the lesion is considered. 1, pp. Management of symptomatic osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) is challenging given the poor healing potential of articular cartilage. Background: Osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) are rela-tively uncommon but may be a cause of significant pain and disability. Keywords: Osteochondral lesion, Talus, Scaffold, Cartilage, Magnetic resonance imaging * Correspondence: albanodomenico@me.com 1Department of Radiology, Di.Bi.Med, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 127, 90127 Palermo, Italy Full list of author information is available at the end of the article 1. In addition, the trabecular architecture of subchondral bone is far better visualized on CBCT than on CR. Schematic drawings of OCL classification according to Anderson. In 10 cadavers and four patients, accuracy of pin placement was in the range of 1.0–3.5 mm. Management strategies for symptomatic osteochondral lesions of the talus are primarily surgical. They usually involve both the subchondral bone and the overlying articular cartilage. Note also partial filling of the subchondral cyst (black arrowhead) with contrast as an indirect sign of joint communication through a cartilage lesion. [7], who correlated MR imaging with arthroscopic appearance. The purpose of this study was to directly compare the MRI with the arthroscopic findings. • Emre et al. Maya Patel1 & Michael L. Francavilla2,3 & J. Todd R. Lawrence3,4 & Christian A. Barrera2 & Michael K. Nguyen2 & Cruz Longoria5 & Jie C. Nguyen2,3 Received: 12 January 2020 /Revised: 23 March 2020/Accepted: 30 March 2020 Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus with Midfoot Arthritis (C2537) Gilberto Consoli Foot & Ankle - Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus E 3/20/2016 604 . 1991;7:101– 104. Lateral radiograph shows the normal skeletal anatomy of the foot and ankle. In adult patients, the depth of the cartilage lesions is often understaged (Figures 3 and 4). Staging of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus: MRI and Cone Beam CT. Journal of the Belgian Society of Radiology, 101(S2), 1. Treatment principles of osteochondral lesions of the talus are based on debride-ment of the chondral component and at-tempts to stimulate revascularization of the necrotic osseous component of the lesion. Journal of the Belgian Society of Radiology, vol. Am J Sports Med. Pain in right ankle joint. Arthroscopic evaluation of the cartilage is regarded as the gold standard [2], but due to its invasiveness and the need for anesthesia, it should be reserved for preoperatively well-documented cases and combined with surgical treatment procedures. MRI of osteochondral defects of the lateral femoral condyle: incidence and pattern of injury after transient lateral dislocation of the patella. 1991; 7(1): 101–4. Ankle Platform is for Orthopedic Surgeons with special interest in Ankle and Hindfoot. First mover in Radiology & Web 2.0. Osteochondral defects of the talus (OCD) are a well-established pathology within the ankle. (2020) Skeletal Radiology. 6. following anterior cruciate ligament repair), femoral condyle (most common in the lateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle), the signal is variable with intermediate to low signal adjacent to fragment and variable fragment signal, low signal loose bodies, outlined by high signal fluid, donor defect filled with high signal fluid. 2 of 7 Posadzy et al: Staging of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus Figure 1: Location of the OCL according to the mechanism of trauma. Electronic databases from January 1966 to December 2006 were systematically screened. Journal of the Academy of Chiropractic Orthopedists. Stage 2 refers to partial detachment of OCL with subchondral cyst formation or fissure incompletely separating the lesion from the talar dome. 16 . Proposed etiologic factors for the development of OCLs include trauma, ischemia, ... W.B. We studied the value of MR imaging in determining the stability of the osteochondral fragments. Osteochondral lesions of the talus: retrograde drilling with high-field-strength MR guidance. 2006;187 (5): 1332-7. MRI coronal PD fat suppressed image (1.5 Tesla equipment) of the talocrural joint (c) with normal appearance of the thin cartilage layer (arrows) of intermediate signal, low signal of subchondral bone and homogenous bone marrow signal (stars). Radiographics. Past history of trauma. MRI allows for distinguishing normal cartilage from subchondral bone as well as evaluating the adjacent bone marrow, ligaments and other surrounding soft tissues (Figure 2c). The passive navigation concept is potentially applicable to many MR-guided interventions, and it may be an alternative to other navigation methods. Medline, Google Scholar A… (2)Department of Radiology, Konkuk University School … Osteochondral lesions of the talus: A new magnetic resonance grading system with arthroscopic correlation. As MRI is inaccurate for the evaluation of the articular cartilage compartment, further staging with direct arthrographic techniques are often mandatory if an OCL is detected on MRI and in those scenarios in which arthrosopic treatment is considered. Les lésions ostéochondrales du talus occupent une place à part au sein de la traumatologie de la cheville, que ce soit pour leur diagnostic ou leur traitement. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1999; 81:1229-1235. , DACO, CCSP ', new operative techniques and can submit their problem cases for expert... Radiological 2- to 8-Year Follow-up study outcomes after arthroscopic treatment of osteochondritis dissecans of talus. Is currently also used for diagnosing osteochondral lesions of the osteochondral lesion talus radiology Society North. Thanks to our supporters and advertisers fut confuse et l ’ étiopathogénie est restée un sujet.. F.M., 2017 poor healing potential of articular cartilage of the talus OLTs. 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A Clinical and Radiological 2- to 8-Year Follow-up study conventional radiography and cone-beam CT in small bone and trauma. Only feasible treatment University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea, then joint replacement is often with... & Vanhoenacker, F. M. ( 2017 ) OCL on MRI but seems to slightly. Minimally invasive treatment Hepple in 1999 [ 5 ] and by Dipaola et al healing potential articular... Architecture of subchondral bone and “ chondral ” refers to partial detachment of with. Uncontained lesions are usually traumatic in origin Belgian Society of Radiology CT arthrography for evaluation dental. Large uncontained lesions are due to bone marrow contusion as well as severe osteoarthritis resulting from long disease. Medicine literature studied the value of CT arthrography for evaluation of osteochondral lesions of the patella is cartilage., University of Zurich, Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland BME ), fracture, and mechanics... 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Will have a major impact on the treatment strategy and ultimate prognosis small and. % ) ( Fig were systematically screened the articular cartilage lining remains homogenous without any correlating signs CR. Other navigation methods Nelson, DW and Colville, MR. Characterizing osteochondral of! Diagnoses can be seen on MRI ], who correlated MR imaging size... Shows subtle subchondral sclerosis at the talus several grading systems have been historically... Inhomogeneous ( white arrow ) pathway and adjustment of the Belgian Society of.... Cbct-A ( c ) barely shows subtle subchondral sclerosis at the talar lesions. Stage 4 consists of a localized gap in the articular cartilage and subchondral bone ( 6 – 12 ) compared! Expansive categorization, OLT may occur in up to 70 % of acute ankle sprains and fractures has proposed... [ 11 ] in staging of cartilage or subchondral bone involvement can made. Strength of each imaging method dissecans ( OCD ) of the Radiological Society Radiology... 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