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  The Grand Fleet left Scapa at 21:00 on 23 January, to sweep the southern North Sea but could not be expected to arrive on the scene until the afternoon of 24 January. The German squadron returned to harbour, with some ships in need of extensive repairs. Lion was taken in tow by Indomitable, an operation which took two hours, in which the battlecruisers were exceedingly vulnerable to submarine attacks. Information could reach the Grand Fleet late, incomplete or mistakenly interpreted. The destroyers reformed into an anti-submarine screen and the ships reached the firth at midnight; the destroyer Meteor was towed into the Humber Estuary. [32], Lion and Indomitable slowed to 7 kn (8.1 mph; 13 km/h) overnight when Lion had more engine-trouble and at dawn were still 100 nmi (120 mi; 190 km) short of the Firth of Forth. [35][36], At first the Germans thought that Tiger had been sunk, because of a large fire that had been seen on her decks, but it was soon clear that the battle was a serious German reverse. Battle of Dogger Bank, naval engagement between British and German battle cruisers during World War I. Blücher was hit by about 70 shells and wrecked. [43] In 2003, Massie wrote that German casualties were an estimated 951 men killed and 78 wounded, most in Blücher; 153 men were killed and 33 were wounded in the fire in the two after turrets of Seydlitz. [8] Torpedo boats, a recent development of the major navies, had the potential to damage and sink large warships, and were very difficult to detect, causing psychological stress on sailors at war. Military History: Apr 19, 2015 Russian and Japanese imperial ambitions had led to the Russo-Japanese War breaking out in early 1904, with the two countries battling over control of areas of China and Korea. Two of the most efficient and powerful British squadrons...knowing approximately what to expect...had failed to bring to action an enemy who was acting in close conformity with our appreciation and with whose advanced screen contact had been established. … Dogger Bank incident (1904) Battle of Tsushima (1905) October Revolution (1917) Siege of Leningrad (1941–44) General characteristics ; Class and type: Pallada-class protected cruiser: Displacement: 6,731 t (6,625 long tons) Length: 126.8 m (416 ft 0 in) Beam: 16.8 m (55 ft 1 in) Draught: 7.3 m (23 ft 11 in) Installed power: 24 Belleville boilers )[39], Beatty had lost control of the battle and he judged that the opportunity of an overwhelming victory had been lost and the Admiralty—erroneously believing that Derfflinger had been badly damaged—later reached the same conclusion. [10] After twenty minutes' firing the fishermen saw a blue light signal on one of the warships, the order to cease firing.[11]. The Dogger Bank incident (also known as the North Sea Incident, the Russian Outrage or the Incident of Hull) occurred on the night of 21/22 October 1904, when the Russian Baltic Fleet mistook some British trawlers at Dogger Bank for an Imperial Japanese Navy force and fired on them. Due to inadequate signalling, the remaining British ships stopped the pursuit to sink Blücher; by the time the ship had been sunk, the rest of the German squadron had escaped. The Russian 2 nd Pacific Squadron had been sent from the Baltic to relieve the blockade of Port Arthur – Tsar Nicolas II’s much coveted warm water port – and defeat Admiral Tōgō Heihachirō’s fleet. [33] Lion was out of action for four months, Fisher having decreed that the damage be repaired at Armstrong's on the Tyne, without her going into dry dock, making for an extremely difficult and time-consuming job. Dogger Bank 1904 Dogger Bank 1904. The lack of a proper war staff at the Admiralty and poor liaison between Room 40, Oliver and the operations staff meant that the advantage was poorly exploited in 1915; it was not until 1917 that this was remedied. In the aftermath some British newspapers called the Russian fleet 'pirates' and Admiral Rozhestvensky was heavily criticised for not leaving the British sailors lifeboats. The 'Battle' of Dogger Bank Having survived attacks from phantom Japanese torpedo boats and submarines and having negotiated a non-existent minefield, the squadron sailed into the North Sea where the Russians spotted the Hull trawler fleet fishing on the Dogger Bank. [29][2] British ships began to rescue survivors but the arrival of the Zeppelin L-5 (LZ-28) and a German seaplane which attacked with small bombs hindered the British. Captain Henry Pelly of the new battlecruiser Tiger assumed that two ships should concentrate on the leading German ship and engaged Seydlitz, leaving Moltke free to fire at Lion. Russian warships also fired on each other in the chaos of the … Seydlitz was hit only twice, but the almost catastrophic nature of one of the hits caused the Germans to correct mistakes in their anti … Some intercepts decoded during the action had taken two hours to reach British commanders at sea, by when they were out of date or misleading. Rear-Admiral Moore was quietly replaced and sent to the Canary Islands and Captain Henry Pelly of Tiger was blamed for not taking over when Lion was damaged. Dogger Bank C and Sofia joint application for planning permission to Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council – 10 September 2020. On Lion, two men had been killed and eleven wounded, most by a shell hit in the A turret lobby. The British had escaped a potential disaster, because the British 1st Battlecruiser Squadron (Vice-Admiral Sir David Beatty) was unsupported by the 2nd Battle Squadron (Vice-Admiral Sir George Warrender), when it failed to make contact with the raiding force. At 10:41, Lion narrowly escaped a disaster similar to that on Seydlitz, when a German shell hit the forward turret and ignited a small ammunition fire but it was extinguished before causing a magazine explosion. The last squadron of the fleet under Commander-in-Chief Admiral … The British had intercepted and decoded German wireless transmissions, gaining advance knowledge that a German raiding squadron was heading for Dogger Bank and ships of the Grand Fleet sailed to intercept the raiders. The use of wireless allowed centralised control of ships from the Admiralty, which cramped the initiative of the men on the spot. Before 1914, international communication was conducted via undersea cables laid along shipping lanes, most of which were under British control. Because of incorrect reports about the presence of Japanese torpedo boats, submarines and minefields in the North Sea, and the general nervousness of the Russian sailors, 48 harmless fishing vessels were atta… Beatty's flag lieutenant Ralph Seymour—responsible for hoisting Beatty's two commands on one flag hoist, allowing them to be read as one—remained. The British battlecruisers broke off the pursuit of the German squadron and attacked Blücher, with most of the British light cruisers and destroyers joining in. As the fleet left Tangiers, one ship accidentally severed the city's underwater telegraph cable with her anchor, preventing communications with Europe for four days. German messages could be passed only by wireless, using cyphers to disguise their content. The Germans learned lessons and the British did not. A slightly more aggressive strategy was permitted, within the policy of keeping the HSF in being, in which the fleet could sortie to attempt to isolate and destroy advanced British forces or to attack the Grand Fleet if in greater strength. [16] Beatty ordered Indomitable—his slowest ship—to intercept Blücher. Under diplomatic pressure, the Russian government agreed to investigate the incident, and Rozhestvensky was ordered to dock in Vigo, Spain, where he left behind those officers considered responsible (as well as at least one officer who had been critical of him). [13][14], On 25 November 1904, the British and the Russian governments signed a joint agreement in which they agreed to submit the issue to an international commission of inquiry whose proceedings were to be based on the Hague Convention. Had Moore's three fast battlecruisers pursued Hipper's remaining three (leaving the slower Indomitable behind as Beatty intended), the British might have been at a disadvantage and been defeated. More serious losses to both sides were only avoided by the extremely low quality of Russian gunnery, with the battleship Oryol reportedly firing more than 500 shells without hitting anything. In the First World War, the area saw battles in 1915 and … "[5] The incident almost led to war between the United Kingdom and the Russian Empire. The memorial, approximately 18 feet high, shows the dead fisherman George Henry Smith and carries the following inscription: Erected by public subscription to the memory of George Henry Smith (skipper) and William Richard Legget (third hand), of the steam-trawler CRANE, who lost their lives through the action of the Russian Baltic Fleet in the North Sea, 22 October 1904, and Walter Whelpton, skipper of the trawler MINO, who died through shock, May 1905. [23] A few minutes later, taking on water and listing to port, Lion had to stop her port engine and reduce speed to 15 kn (17 mph; 28 km/h) and was soon out of action, having been hit 14 times. Hours after the British ultimatum to Germany in August 1914, they cut German cables. The Dogger Bank incident occurred on the night of 21/22 October 1904 when the Baltic Fleet of the Imperial Russian Navy mistook a British trawler fleet in the Dogger Bank area for Imperial Japanese Navy torpedo boats and fired on them. For the naval battles, see, The dogger bank incident in 1904 – The Russian fleet attacks Hull trawlers, "Battle of Tsushima | Russo-Japanese war", Details and History of some of the Trawlers, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dogger_Bank_incident&oldid=994913555, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 18 December 2020, at 05:26. On 14 October, Oliver became Chief of the Naval War Staff, but continued to treat Room 40 more as a fiefdom and a source for the informal group of officers around the First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill, which received decoded messages but had insufficient authority to use them to best advantage. The German fleet had increased in size since the outbreak of war, with the arrival in service of the König-class dreadnought battleships SMS König, Grosser Kurfürst, Markgraf and Kronprinz of the 3rd Battle Squadron and the Derfflinger-class battlecruiser Derfflinger. 21–22 Oct 1904 Dogger Bank Incident Russian Baltic Fleet, bound for the Far East, fires on British trawlers in Dogger Bank, killing 3 fishermen in wikipedia. All data from Campbell (1998) unless specified. [6], German ships had to report their position every night by wireless and British listening posts along the east coast took cross-bearings to find the positions of the ships when they transmitted. Raid on Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby, raid on Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby, Der Krieg in der Nordsee I (English trans. [25], With his ships running short of ammunition, Hipper chose to steam for home, leaving the disabled Blücher behind, to save his remaining ships. Dogger Bank Incident AHC: Make Russo-Japanese War into Great War Britain joins Russo-Japanese War WI: Dogger Bank Sparks a War Russian Empire vs British Empire, early 1900s. It was fought near Dogger Bank in the North Sea on January 24, 1915. Planning permission is sought for a temporary construction access into the onshore converter station site on the periphery of Wilton International. No damage was done but the British ships put on speed and withdrew to avoid further aerial attack, leaving some of the survivors behind. [34] The surviving German ships reached port; Derfflinger was repaired by 17 February but Seydlitz needed a drydock and was not ready for sea until 1 April. [19][20] Only the prompt action of the executive officer in flooding the magazines saved Seydlitz from a magazine explosion that would have destroyed the ship. Hipper opened fire at 08:00 on 16 December 1914, eventually killing 108 and wounding 525 civilians. Dogger Bank incident, during the Russo-Japanese War, Russian naval ships opened fire on British fishing boats in the area of Dogger Bank on 21 October 1904, mistaking them for Japanese torpedo boats. Chasing the Germans from a position astern and to starboard, the British ships gradually caught up—some reaching a speed of 27 kn (31 mph; 50 km/h)—and closed to gun range. A rendezvous was set for 24 January at 07:00, 30 nmi (35 mi; 56 km) north of the Dogger Bank and about 180 nmi (210 mi; 330 km) west of Heligoland. After the British victory, both navies replaced officers who were thought to have shown poor judgement and made changes to equipment and procedures because of failings observed during the battle. [12], Hipper intended to clear the bank of British fishing vessels and dubious neutrals and to attack any small British warships in the area, with the HSF covering the withdrawal of the battlecruisers. How much extra damage would have needed to be caused to make this happen? [10], Due to concerns that the draught of the newer battleships (which had proven to be considerably greater than designed)[12] would prevent their passage through the Suez Canal, the fleet separated after leaving Tangiers on 3 November 1904. [6], The Royal Navy prepared for war, with 28 battleships of the Home Fleet being ordered to raise steam and prepare for action, while British cruiser squadrons shadowed the Russian fleet as it made its way through the Bay of Biscay and down the coast of Portugal. Lat., 5 25' E. Long and sank at 13:13, with the loss of 792 crew. [30] By this time, the rest of the German ships were too far away for the British to catch up. The Admiralty also uncovered the German order of battle and tracked the deployment of ships, which gave them an offensive advantage. [38] (In 1920, Scheer wrote that the number of British ships present suggested that they had known about the operation in advance, but that this was put down to circumstances, although "other reasons" could not be excluded. The I Scouting Group contained the battlecruisers Seydlitz (flagship), Moltke, Derfflinger and Blucher, four light cruisers and eighteen destroyers. British public and political opinion was outraged that German warships could sail so close to the British coast, shelling coastal towns with impunity; British naval forces had failed to prevent the attacks and also failed to intercept the raiding squadron. Battle On Oct. 9 (22), 1904, British fishing boats in the vicinity of Dogger Bank were fired upon by a Russian squadron under Admiral Z. P. Rozhestvenskii (the “Hull Incident”). [44], Naval battle fought in the North Sea on 24 January 1915, The Battle of Dogger bank location in the North Sea, 1916 advertisement for a viewing of panoramic footage of the, Royal Scots Territorials firing a salute over the grave of Captain Erdmann, Commander of SMS. They planned to rendezvous in Madagascar and both sections of the fleet successfully completed this part of the journey. Ten men were killed on Tiger with nine men wounded and on Meteor, four men were killed and two were wounded. Post Dec 22, 2006 #1 2006-12-22T12:33. Harwich Force (Commodore Reginald Tyrwhitt) sailed from Harwich with three light cruisers and 35 destroyers, to rendezvous with the battlecruisers at 07:00 on 24 January. In the aftermath some British newspapers called the Russian fleet 'pirates' and Admiral Rozhestvensky was heavily criticised for not leaving the British sailors lifeboats. 3,941 3. In 1921, the official historian Julian Corbett wrote. I never understood why russian commander/s thought there were japanese warships in the Dogger Bank area, far away from … The Battle of Dogger Bank was fought in the North Sea on 24 January, 1915 the British sortied to intercept a German raiding force sent overnight to bombard the east coast of England. [36] In 1965, Marder wrote that over 1,000 German sailors had been killed or captured, for British casualties of fewer than 50 men killed or wounded. The British had lost no ships and suffered few casualties; the Germans had lost Blücher and most of its crew. The disaster of 21 October began in the evening, when the captain of the supply ship Kamchatka (Камчатка), which was last in the Russian line, took a passing Swedish ship for a Japanese torpedo boat and radioed that he was being attacked. Naval battles and incidents of farm & garden Battle of Dogger Bank (1696), during the Nine Years' War a French fleet under the command of Jean Bart was victorious over the ships of a Dutch force of five ships and the convoy it was escorting. Seydlitz lost 159 men killed and 33 wounded and Kolberg lost three men killed and two wounded. Hipper considered that with the Dogger Bank mid-way on the short route to the English coast, a signal from a trawler could reach the British in time for the British battlecruisers to intercept a German sortie, certainly on the return journey. The Russian warships involved in the incident were en route to the Far East, to reinforce the 1st Pacific Squadron stationed at Port Arthur, and later Vladivostok, during the Russo-Japanese War. ID: EC7PR4 (RM) At first, the inexperience of the cryptanalysts in naval matters led to errors in the understanding of the material and this lack of naval experience caused Oliver to make personal decisions about the information to be passed to other departments, many of which, particularly the Operations Department, had reservations about the value of Room 40. A copy of the book was sent to England by the fastest steamer, arriving at the end of October. [12] The fleet then proceeded to the Sea of Japan where it was soundly defeated in the Battle of Tsushima. It was also considered highly significant that no officer from that ship appeared before the Commission, nor were her logs produced. During World War I, on Jan. 24, 1915, a battle occurred in the Dogger Bank area between British and German cruiser squadrons. The incident led to a serious diplomatic conflict between Russia and Britain, which was particularly dangerous due to the Anglo-Japanese Alliance. [26] The annihilation of the German squadron appeared likely to the British until 10:54, when Beatty—believing he saw a submarine periscope on Lion′s starboard bow—ordered a 90° turn to port, to avoid a submarine ambush (The "periscope" may have been a surfacing, run-out torpedo which had been launched 15 minutes earlier by the German destroyer V5). [10] From Vigo, the main Russian fleet then approached Tangiers, Morocco, and lost contact with the Kamchatka for several days. With Lion′s electric generators out of action, Beatty could only signal using flag hoists and both signals were flown at the same time. To cover the East Coast and act as distant support, the 3rd Cruiser Squadron and the seven pre-dreadnoughts of the 3rd Battle Squadron (Admiral Edward Eden Bradford) sailed from Rosyth for an area in the North Sea, from which they could cut off the German force if it moved north. As the trawlers had their nets down, they were unable to flee and, in the general chaos, Russian ships shot at each other: the cruisers Aurora and Dmitrii Donskoi were taken for Japanese warships and bombarded by seven battleships sailing in formation, damaging both ships and killing a chaplain and at least one sailor and severely wounding another. Loss of 792 crew three men killed and 33 wounded and Kolberg lost three men killed two. Derfflinger and Blucher, four light cruisers and eighteen destroyers Grand fleet late, or. Of battle and tracked the deployment of ships from the Admiralty, which cramped the initiative the! That ship appeared before the Commission, nor were her logs produced messages could be passed only by wireless using! [ 16 ] Beatty ordered Indomitable—his slowest ship—to intercept Blücher in Madagascar and both of! Seriously and quickened his coaling and commenced sailing, this article is about a 1904 Russian attack on fishermen! Lieutenant Ralph Seymour—responsible for hoisting Beatty 's flag lieutenant Ralph Seymour—responsible for Beatty! With the Germans and engaged them with long-range gunfire Madagascar and both sections of the Kaiserliche Marine but was of... By about 70 shells and wrecked its captain and first mate were killed on with! Flotilla near Dogger Bank 33 wounded and on Meteor, four light cruisers and eighteen.! To a serious diplomatic conflict between Russia and Britain, which set her on fire the cruiser! Been heavily active in the region unless specified the International Commission met in Paris 9! German Bight and been seen by a German aircraft when struck by two torpedoes from the cruiser. Of wireless allowed centralised control of ships, which gave them an offensive advantage ; the Germans learned and... Each other in the battle, although inconclusive, boosted British morale flagship Lion! Both sections of the melée her class a ‘ near miss ’ was the Dogger incident. 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