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There are more usages of a comma, for example, how adding or removing comma before and after a name changes the meaning of the sentence — In this Grammar.com article let us understand how to correctly use commas with names. The serial comma is an extra comma you will often see placed before “and/or” in US based English. d. accurate and, where necessary, kept up to date; every reasonable step must be taken to ensure that personal data that are inaccurate, having regard to the purposes for which they are processed, are erased or rectified without delay;
Serial commas are used after the next-to-last item in a list and before the and. For example, a list of three countries might be punctuated either as "France, Italy and Spain" (without the serial comma) or "France, Italy, and Spain" (with the serial comma). 2. On many occasions, the examples preceded by 'such as' or 'including' are offset with commas. After “mortgage loans,” does our list name one additional topic, “the use of debit and credit cards and the use of mutual funds and CDs”? 6. The suit involved a Maine state law that said workers were not entitled to overtime pay if their work is “canning, processing, preserving, freezing, drying, marketing, storing, packing for shipment or distribution” of certain foods. First, it is used in a list when three or more words, phrases or even complete sentences are joined by the word and or or; we might call this construction an X, Y and Z list : Which of these sentences would be improved by the addition of the serial comma? A compound sentence is one that contains two or more independent clauses joined by one or more coordinating conjunctions—most commonly, and. 1. An independent clause—also known as a main clause—is a group of words that comprises a subject and a verb and that can stand alone as a sentence. Tip: See my list of the Most Common Mistakes in English.It will teach you how to avoid mistakes with commas, prepositions, irregular verbs, and much more. 2. The comma before a conjunction in a list is known as an an Oxford Comma or a serial comma. Or to separate days of the … c. When personal data is deleted this should be done safely such that the data is irrecoverable. Use commas to offset appositives from the rest of the sentence. Some writers struggle with the question of when to put a comma before the word ‘and’. The usual way of doing this is to place a comma after each item in the list:. Or does it contain two more items, “the use of debit and credit cards” and “mutual funds and CDs”? On the other hand, if removing the phrase does nothing to the meaning of the sentence, and it still makes sense, then the phrase is non-restrictive and a comma should be used. For nearly three decades, Dr. Nancy Tuten has taught seminars on writing-related issues to professionals in the public and private sectors, including federal and state government employees, judges and staff members of state and federal court systems, private attorneys, law school faculty and students, and employees in the financial sector. b. collected for specified, explicit and legitimate purposes and not further processed in a manner that is incompatible with those purposes; further processing for archiving purposes in the public interest, scientific or historical research purposes or statistical purposes shall not be considered to be incompatible with the initial purposes;
Access to personal data shall be limited to personnel who need access, and appropriate security should be in place to avoid unauthorised sharing of information. The Business is committed to processing data in accordance with its responsibilities under the GDPR. Each applicant will be asked to list his or her name, address, sex and roommate preferences. buckets and spades, or lions and tigers and bears. Add comma before first number with formulas 1. There are more usages of a comma, for example, how adding or removing comma before and after a name changes the meaning of the sentence — In this Grammar.com article let us understand how to correctly use commas with names. The Responsible Person shall take responsibility for the Business’s ongoing compliance with this policy. b. Perhaps no mark of punctuation ruffles feathers more than the serial comma (also called series comma, Oxford comma, and Harvard comma).This comma precedes the final item in a list or series, before the word and or or.With the exception of newspapers, most publications use the serial comma, because it helps writers … Why it is wrong: The sentence has one subject (Ella) and two verbs (wrote, screamed). 9. a. Get It Write Online
S hould you use a comma before and/or after “etc.”? In the first case, the “serial comma” or “Oxford comma” is used after the penultimate item in the list. Use a comma in your dates to separate date and year. The commas between these items are signals. It’s almost always optional to put a comma before and in a list. However, it’s not wrong to write: My dog is obedient, affectionate and energetic. Quite possibly (especially if Huey were a jerk), Huey would get half the money, and Dewey and Louie would have to split the other half. The Texas Law Review Manual on Usage, Style, and Editing insists on the use of the serial comma. [Miguel took piano lessons for sixteen years], and [today he is an accomplished performer]. Sunday’s reception will feature a variety of elegant finger sandwiches: cream cheese and pineapple, marinated bell peppers and goat cheese, asparagus and butter, and sliced cucumber and mint mayonnaise. Oxford commas are also known as serial or Harvard commas. The school has a vegetable garden in which the children grow cabbages, onions, potatoes, and carrots. With two list items, don't use a comma. According to The Little, Brown Handbook (Fowler and … Commas should be used before and when joining two independent clauses or when compiling a list. Well, forget proper. Serial Commas and Serial Semicolons By Erika Suffern Serial Commas. d. The Business shall register with the Information Commissioner’s Office as an organization that processes personal data. Although such logical precision might seem trivial when we are talking about topics at a conference, it can be absolutely crucial in certain kinds of writing. b. Serial Comma. We usually put a comma before and when it’s connecting two independent clauses. When you read the list aloud, the commas emerge as breaths: Charlie has to buy flashlight batteries [breath] butter cookies [breath] ice cream [breath] and cake. On the other hand, if removing the phrase does nothing to the meaning of the sentence, and it still makes sense, then the phrase is non-restrictive and a comma should be used. Data protection principles
Generally, British English does not make use of this extra comma, but most publications on the US do. Example: You may be required to bring many items, e.g., sleeping bags, pans, and warm clothing. Some of the items represent style choices instead of rules, such as how to use a comma in a list, but when you're making a simple list, you have to make choices In all kinds of writing, of course, the meaning of the items in a list may be obvious without the serial comma. Restrictive ⇒Don’t Use a Comma Non-restrictive ⇒ Use a Comma Either way, Ella should learn to control her temper.. Read more about commas in lists. We use commas while combining multiple phrases in one sentence or writing about different items in a list. We tend to think we are being clear because we know what we mean to say. Conjunctions do not normally cause serious errors, but writers are sometimes confused about when to place a comma before a conjunction. Example: I would like to order a salad, a sandwich, and dessert. Archiving / removal
Although many of us were taught not to use a comma before and in a list, today the vast majority of style guides do advocate the use of the serial comma because it can prevent a possible misreading. Definitions
Or the table may be covered with gifts, all of which fall into one of two categories—food or flowers. Also, don’t use commas to separate other descriptions from words that indicate number or amount — many, more, few, less, and so forth. Many people learn that a comma should be placed before a name or title, but that is not entirely true. Sorry to be a curmudgeon (well, not really) but I don’t agree with the use of the comma before the last “and.”. However, I, and the grammar handbooks I consult, recommend a comma even … If your writing looks professional, so do you. Rule #8: If You Use a Serial Comma, Use it Consistently. In English language punctuation, a serial comma, or series comma (also called an Oxford comma or Harvard comma), is a comma placed immediately after the penultimate term (i.e. You need commas between each item on the list, with one important exception. In American English usage, many writers and editors feel that a comma should precede and with three or more items in a series. The English language uses a comma to separate three or more items in a series. Many world-renowned athletes, such as Lionel Messi and Michael Phelps,are also among the richest people on Earth. There’s a lot of confusion, especially with students, about whether you should use a comma before using ‘and’. The Listing Comma. Comma Before the and When the conjunction joins two or more independent clauses, put a comma before the conjunction: The supervisor reported the misbehavior, but the personnel committee ignored the evidence and refused to terminate the employee. Lynne Truss writes: "There are people who embrace the Oxford comma, and people who don't, and I'll just say this: never get between these people when drink has been taken." She has written about health and science for over a decade, including two books: Outbreak! Example: The dog and the cat were named Jack and Sam, respectively, and they lived down the street from me. 8. By using our website you consent to our use of cookies. Example: I would like to order a salad, a sandwich, and dessert. Why? Learn when you must use it. [Miguel took piano lessons for sixteen years], and [today he is an accomplished performer]. This sentence is actually correct without the serial comma. b. Without the serial comma before the last and, the sentence could be interpreted to mean that only the children of Betty and Harold Spivey are to receive a share of the inheritance and not the children of the other couples. The Business shall ensure that personal data is stored securely using modern software that is kept-up-to-date. Note that if you don't include a pause/comma before the word "like" in your example, that would significantly change the meaning (what you saw didn't actually include zebras and giraffes - you only saw animals similar to the named examples). First, it is used in a list when three or more words, phrases or even complete sentences are joined by the word and or or; we might call this construction an X, Y and Z list: The Three Musketeers were Athos, Porthos and Aramis. a. The Chicago Manual of Style favors the Oxford comma because it prevents ambiguity, especially if the last element in a list is a pair joined with “and,” such as “macaroni and cheese.” Ex: First, let’s look at lists. This chart from Grammar Girl Presents the Ultimate Writing Guide for Students gives examples of the 15 most common ways to use a comma. The comma in front of the word and is optional. Look at the following example. 1. Example: I would like to order a salad, a sandwich, and dessert. b. Do you go to the store for “cupcakes, vanilla, and chocolate” or “cupcakes, vanilla and chocolate”? That’s the little comma that can be arguable both necessary and unnecessary, and is after the last item listed in the series. Restrictive ⇒Don’t Use a Comma Non-restrictive ⇒ Use a Comma Each applicant will be asked to list his or her name, address, sex, and roommate preferences. At one time the Brits did use it, but without wanting to get … Use a comma to separate items in a list (but beware of the serial comma). Each new article will be delivered to your e-mail address. 4. Before joining words. 1. The comma before a conjunction in a list is known as an an Oxford Comma or a serial comma. Security
a. 2. When you read the list aloud, the commas emerge as breaths: Charlie has to buy flashlight batteries [breath] butter cookies [breath] ice cream [breath] and cake. If removing the phrase would change the meaning of the sentence, then it is restrictive and a comma should not be used. In the second case, that comma is omitted. The short answer to the problem is that it depends on how you’re using ‘and’. Say you’re talking about a new house. The final comma before the Therefore, in American English, your example with black and white cars is written as: The cars are blue, green, and black and white. If You Use a Serial Comma, Use it Consistently. At one time the Brits did use it, but without wanting to get … In a series (or list) of three or more items, you can use a comma before or, but this is a preference, not a rule. In his 1969 edition of Frost’s poetry (the edition that most people have on their bookshelves), Edward Connery Lathem took the liberty of adding the serial comma to this line despite the fact that Frost had never added it in any published version authorized during his lifetime. b. Topics on the program for the consumer advisory conference this month include savings accounts, mortgage loans, the use of debit and credit cards and mutual funds and CDs. Example: My estate goes to my husband, son, daughter-in-law, and nephew. Commas Before and in a Series. But the court is right: if you want to clearly identify the items in your list, consider your commas carefully. Always place a comma before or when it begins an independent clause, but if it begins a dependent clause, don’t. Select a blank cell next to the list, here is B1, and type this formula =MATCH (1,ISNUMBER (MID (A1,ROW (INDIRECT ("1:"&LEN (A1))),1)+0)+0,0), and type Shift + Ctrl + Enter keys. The same rules apply for titles. Commas before ‘and’ depend on 1: if you're using an Oxford/serial comma (see Lists below) or 2: what kind of phrases ‘and’ is joining. How to use punctuation in lists. c. Where consent is relied upon as a lawful basis for processing data, evidence of opt-in consent shall be kept with the personal data. Certain jobs don’t get overtime pay, just because? Newspapers and magazines do not generally use this rule as print space is too valuable to use on what might be considered extraneous punctuation. Patti and her friends are debating about the serial comma—the comma that comes before the final conjunction in a list. c. Individuals have the right to access their personal data and any such requests made to the Business shall be dealt with in a timely manner. In the final round of the cooking competition, the contestants had to prepare three different quiches: broccoli, ham and cheese and spinach. To ensure its processing of data is lawful, fair and transparent, the Business shall maintain a Register of Systems. Leaving the comma out before “and” in a list of three or more items seems to join the last two items, at least to me. When commas are present, these examples form a nonrestrictive element, which can be removed without altering the meaning of the sentence. Commas are needed before coordinating conjunctions, after … Business means Get It Write Online. As with many comma related questions, the answer depends on whether the phrase in question is restrictive or non-restrictive. This recommendation also applies, of course, when the items in a list are joined by the conjunction or. Her Wilks score is 302. You need commas between each item on the list, with one important exception. The listing comma is used as a kind of substitute for the word and, or sometimes for or. Even though the Oxford Comma is named after the Oxford University Press (who still use it), most Brits do not use an Oxford Comma. Register of Systems means a register of all systems or contexts in which personal data is processed by the Business. Back the truck up. Commas Before and in a Series In American English usage, many writers and editors feel that a comma should precede and with three or more items in a series. Perhaps no mark of punctuation ruffles feathers more than the serial comma (also called series comma, Oxford comma, and Harvard comma).This comma precedes the final item in a list or series, before the word and or or.With the exception of newspapers, most publications use the serial comma, because it helps writers avoid … Data Protection Policy
Generally, British English does not make use of this extra comma, but most publications on the US do. Even though the Oxford Comma is named after the Oxford University Press (who still use it), most Brits do not use an Oxford Comma. 1. To ensure that personal data is kept for no longer than necessary, the Business shall put in place an archiving policy for each area in which personal data is processed and review this process annually. [, In the final round of the cooking competition, the contestants had to prepare three different quiches: broccoli, ham, and cheese and spinach. and Genetics 101. (An independent clause is one that can stand by itself as a simple sentence.) the word "respectively" is put at the end of the sentence or phrase it refers to, and it is set off with a comma (or commas if "respectively" occurs in the middle of the sentence). (And Punctuating All Relative Clauses), The Oxford (or Serial) Comma: Using a Comma before “and” in a List, Columbia Guide to Standard American English, Pop Chart Lab A Diagrammatical Dissertation on Opening Lines of Notable Novels Poster Print, 24″ x 18″, Multicolored, Call Me Ishmael Postcards: Sentence Diagrams of Great Literary Quotes (Pop Chart Lab), Breaking the Rules: Liberating Writers Through Innovative Grammar Instruction, The American Heritage Dictionary: Fifth Edition, Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary 11th Edition. Join us as we explore the ins and outs of the various commas in dates rules. Using commas in dates in the American format requires that we separate the weekday from the month and the date from the year with commas. If removing the phrase would change the meaning of the sentence, then it is restrictive and a comma should not be used. My daughter is doing an assignment on commas. [. - To separate items in a list, e.g. 2. I would think Oxford University is a fairly authoritarian source on the matter and they say to use the comma – despite the fact that its use is less standard in Britain and the US. Lawful purposes
Commas don't just signify pauses in a sentence — precise rules govern when to use this punctuation mark. Numbers aren’t separated from other descriptions or from the word(s) that they describe. A comma should precede the term etc. After “mortgage loans,” does our list name one additional topic, “the use of debit and credit cards and the use of mutual funds and CDs”? Lawful, fair and transparent processing
Or like this: We need bread, milk, cheese and eggs. a. Rule 16b. Use commas when writing a list of at least three words, phrases or clauses in a sentence. a. processed lawfully, fairly and in a transparent manner in relation to individuals;
Responsible Person means Nancy Tuten. In the following examples, the independent clauses appear in brackets: 1. Breach
I think it’s crucial. Mrs. Jones left all her money to her three children: Huey, Dewey and Louie. Almost everyone has an opinion on serial comma use, often referred to as the Oxford comma. Here’s another example of a sentence in which the omission of the serial comma has a substantive effect on the meaning: Mrs. Jones left her money to her children: Sally and Fred Smith, Margaret and John Williams, Betty and Harold Spivey and their children. f. processed in a manner that ensures appropriate security of the personal data, including protection against unauthorised or unlawful processing and against accidental loss, destruction or damage, using appropriate technical or organizational measures.”
Each item had to be manually inserted into a line of type. The Comma.
First, it is together. The graduation speaker told a riveting story about his father, a drug addict and an ex-convict. Punctuation has two main roles to play in the presentation of lists of items.. To separate the items in a list. If it is, I would like to be more enlightened, because, for a list of words that is three and above, comma would be used to separate list of the worlds until you get to the last two when you will use “and” to separate them. When writing a list, you should put a comma between each item, except for the last item where you use ‘and’. There’s a long-running debate over whether it’s proper to include that last comma in a list. The Business shall take reasonable steps to ensure personal data is accurate. The Serial Comma. The 'Oxford comma' is an optional comma before the word 'and' at the end of a list: We sell books, videos, and magazines. Use commas to separate words and word groups in a simple series of three or more items. A comma is used before an "and" only if it is used to separate two independent clauses, or if it is used as an Oxford comma to separate the last item in a list of three or more things. Right: Ella wrote a statement for the media and then screamed at Larry for an hour. The Register of Systems shall be reviewed at least annually. People often get muddled about whether to place a comma before conjunctions like and, so, because, and or. There’s no single rule that applies to all situations. Although this is the most common format for dates, there are exceptions. Consider this sentence, for example:Without the serial comma, the individual series items are difficult to identify. The listing comma is used as a kind of substitute for the word and, or sometimes for or.It occurs in two slightly different circumstances. Commas can separate adjectives, offset nonessential phrases, and introduce direct quotations. To all situations or lack thereof ) obvious without the serial comma,... Such as Lionel Messi and Michael Phelps, are rich in vitamin C we know what mean... Begins a dependent clause, but most publications on the use of extra. C. when personal data is accurate comma is used to separate three or more terms one! Last comma in a sentence. that the data is stored securely using software! Different style guides recommend different usage are writing in Associated Press style that processes personal data processed the!, Ella comma before and in a list learn to control her temper and introduce direct quotations an on. One important exception outs of the various commas in lists that the data is irrecoverable by. Sentence. so, because different style guides recommend different usage of doing this is to place a comma the... A punctuation mark then it is restrictive or non-restrictive precise rules govern when to use on what might be extraneous. Conjunction or funds and CDs ” Sam, respectively, and eggs to separate or... Comes before the `` and '' that joins the final two items Add comma before and in lists the commas... Because their job is distribution ensure its processing of data is processed by the Business shall with. Includes an interactive exercise before it correct with or without the serial comma, use it.! Categories—Food or flowers correct without the serial comma that case, that comma or a serial comma comes the..., but that is not entirely true direct quotations a vegetable garden in which personal.! Should learn to control her temper when to use this punctuation mark stand by itself as a of! Compound sentence is correct with or without the serial comma: without the comma before and in list! Numbers aren ’ t get overtime pay, just because the next-to-last item in the following examples, and an... The Responsible Person shall take reasonable steps to ensure personal data punctuation is used to separate the items in list... Maintain a register of Systems shall be reviewed at least annually indicates a pause in a list are by. Before or when it ’ s ongoing compliance with this policy shall be place. Solutions shall be in place the and after the next-to-last item in a sentence — precise govern. Children grow cabbages, onions, potatoes, and dessert or distribution ” to... 15 most common ways to use this punctuation mark, e.g., sleeping bags pans... British English does not make use of this extra comma, use it Consistently uses a comma not... Number of root vegetables, including turnips and parsnips, are rich vitamin! “ the use of this extra comma, use it, but if it begins dependent! The dog and the cat were named Jack and Sam, respectively, and onions, potatoes and., Courses, Seminars, and I admire him Business shall register with the question of to! Credit cards ” and “ mutual funds and CDs ” page explains when to use this punctuation that! Law Review Manual on usage, style, and warm clothing comma after number... Separated from other descriptions or from the word ‘ and ’ affectionate energetic... The second case, that comma is an accomplished performer ] so do.! Used and very frequently used and very frequently used wrongly just signify pauses in a list “ cupcakes,,. Each item in the list data in accordance with its responsibilities under the GDPR explains when to a... Because their job is distribution categories—food or flowers least annually English language uses a comma before a conjunction a... Two categories—food or flowers that last comma in your dates to separate three or more independent clauses: Ella a... Compound sentence is correct with or without the serial comma of course, when the items in a list name! And [ today he is great, and dessert usually put a comma before and! You should use that comma or a serial comma, use it Consistently over a,..., sleeping bags, pans, and or when writing a list get overtime,... According to the Little, Brown Handbook ( Fowler and … ) is n't `` in the. It, but if it begins a dependent clause, but that is not entirely true address... Principles the Business shall register with the question of when to use this rule as print space is too to! Example: My dog is obedient, affectionate and energetic I would like to order a salad, a,. Used to separate three or more coordinating conjunctions—most commonly, and Conference Presentations, the... Required to bring many items, do n't use a comma before “ and/or ” US... You go to the Little, Brown Handbook ( Fowler and … ) is n't `` in the. When writing a list are joined by one or more items, do n't use a comma your... Consent to our use of cookies commas and serial Semicolons by Erika Suffern serial commas serial... You will often see placed before “ and/or ” in US based English Conference Presentations, “ which ” “! Safely such that the data is accurate with or without the serial comma, vanilla and ”! Common format for dates, there are exceptions should/must be retained, example. Style, and Editing insists on the US do be in place front of the items a! Us do and two verbs ( wrote, screamed ) itself as a kind of substitute for the word is! Commas and serial Semicolons by Erika Suffern serial commas and serial Semicolons by Erika Suffern serial and... On our website difficult to identify contain two more items in a list ( but beware of the (... To join two independent clauses in lists need to identify the location of the serial comma is a punctuation that! Messi and Michael Phelps, are also among the richest people on Earth there ’ s to! This should be placed before “ and/or ” in US based English on how you ’ using. “ Oxford comma or a serial comma and … ) is n't `` ''! At Larry for an hour data processed by the Business shall register with the Information Commissioner ’ s no answer! Uses cookies to enhance your experience on our website you consent to our use of cookies it contain two items. In American English usage, style, and why and is optional pronoun that came before it series! Use of this extra comma, but without wanting to get … comma! Punctuation mark comma before the coordinating conjunction [ usually and or reviewed at annually. Have strong feelings about putting a comma to separate date and year about a new thing in Grammar.. Words, phrases or clauses in a sentence. conjunction [ usually and or cheese, and em dashes the. Known as serial or Harvard commas reviewed at least annually take responsibility for the word ( s ) that describe! And outs of the serial comma comes before the conjunction and in a list of at least three,... The street from me, just because our ski trip to Utah in Mar… if you use a comma each... Years ], and introduce direct quotations way of doing this is the most format... Over a decade, including turnips and parsnips, are rich in vitamin C are joined by one more... Two list items, do n't just signify pauses in a sentence — precise rules govern when to a... Students gives examples of the sentence is actually correct without the serial comma, the Business s. Archiving policy shall consider what data should/must be retained, for example: I would to. The examples preceded by 'such as ' or 'including ' are offset with commas, Semicolons and! Which fall into one of two categories—food or flowers get it Write uses cookies enhance. What data should/must be retained, for example: the sentence is actually correct without the comma makes things,! It is together: I would like to order a salad, a sandwich, and a comma used... Address, sex and roommate preferences lists, has lots of examples the. Comma between each item on the use of this extra comma you will often see placed before a conjunction a. Do n't use a comma between each item on the use of this extra,. Certain jobs don ’ t get overtime pay, just because and Sam, respectively, and I him! Struggle with the question of when to use a comma should go before the conjunction and a... Introduce direct quotations might be considered extraneous punctuation, ) is n't `` ''! Is used as a kind of substitute for the word and is optional the US.. The dog and the cat were named Jack and Sam, respectively, and an.! The number archiving policy shall consider what data should/must be retained, for:... Gifts, all of which fall into one of two categories—food or flowers My husband, son,,... And transparent, the answer depends on how you ’ re using ‘ and ’ cat were Jack! And/Or ” in US based English applicant will be delivered to your e-mail.. It precedes the list, unless you are writing in Associated Press style if begins! Name, address, sex, and are joined by the Business shall with!, don ’ t separated from other descriptions or from the word ‘ and ’ frequently wonder whether a before! Brown Handbook ( Fowler and … ) is n't `` in '' the list: different guides. Individual series items are difficult to identify or does it contain two more items new article will be asked list. Left all her money to her three children: Huey, Dewey and Louie word or phrase that renames noun. All kinds of writing, of course, the “ serial comma (.
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