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The party-secretary smokes. It excludes smokeless tobacco use. For instance, local exemptions to public indoor smoking bans are often made for small businesses, particularly in the restaurant and entertainment industries. The ban in shopping centres, department stores, supermarkets, banks and game arcades has been in place since July 1998. Smoking in China is prevalent, as the People's Republic of China is the world's largest consumer and producer of tobacco:[1] there are 350 million Chinese smokers,[1] and China produces 42% of the world's cigarettes. CA Cancer J Clin. Cigarette smoking among physicians, dentists, and nurses. For the entire 20th century it is estimated that around 100 million people died prematurely because of smoking, most of them in rich countries. In comparison, the numbers for the male smokers were 17 percent and 37 percent respectively. In addition to the May 20 measure, numerous provincial and city-level administrations in China have also enacted policies to control the prevalence and health impacts of smoking within the last decade. The Shanghai People's Congress issued the city's first smoking control law in March 2010. Because cigarettes were introduced into China before 1900, Hermalin and Lowry found that for men, each five-year group they studied had reached a similar high peak of smoking prevalence, ranging from 65 percent to 75 percent. We should do the same, at least during the Expo, since it is a cosmopolitan event. [10], However, widespread apathy and tacit acceptance toward smoking policy are likely to predominate within large portions of the Chinese population. Despite China's own widespread and complex smoking issue, the ratification of the FCTC in China represents a significant commitment to tobacco control in international public health policy. In 2009, the authorities of Gongan County attempted to increase consumption of locally produced cigarettes, by demanding that local officials smoke up to 23,000 packs of Hubei-branded cigarettes per year. [26] The public places for smoking ban included restaurants, entertainment outlets, schools, supermarkets, and governmental offices. Some of them even smoke boldly in hospitals or schools.”[17] This is problematic because, regardless of whether these professionals continue to smoke out of habit, social custom, or "apparent disregard" for evidence of smoking risk, they are still expected to "behave themselves and set a good example for others in tobacco control," Li says. We assess sex-specific prevalence and changing patterns of smoking in Chinese adults in the current decade. The overall daily smoking rate in Hong Kong is 11.8% (HK Department of Census and Statistics Household Thematic Survey 36) with 25% of males smoking whereas in China 63% of males smoke. However, in the last 14 years smoking in China has actually fallen from 63 per cent in 1996, to 54 per cent in 2010. Current smoking has declined from 20.9% (nearly 21 of every 100 adults) in 2005 to 14.0% (14 of every 100 adults) in 2019, and the proportion of ever smokers who have quit has increased. Regardless of the number of smokers per country, there is usually a sharp discrepancy in the male-female ratio. 15, 16 It has been a major health problem for many decades. As a response to FCTC recommendations for reduction of access and supply-side tobacco regulation, the Ministry of Health is now targeting farmers to give up tobacco plantation and trying to “convince them that the tobacco industry can be replaced by other industries that are more healthy, sustainable and profitable.”[17], Another potential obstacle is the Chinese tobacco industry's lack of complete compliance with nationally defined policies regarding the correct presentation of warning labels on cigarette packages, which must be readily visible and cover at least 30% of the visible area of the packaging. [9] China has also resolved to ban all tobacco vending machines,[9] as well as smoking in indoor work places, public areas, and public transportation vehicles.[10]. However, very few smokers (5%) in the ITC China Survey reported thinking about price as a reason to quit smoking—a sign that prices are too low. % using tobacco daily: 2015. In order to maintain a robust, sustainable effort in tobacco control, China will particularly need to focus upon the role of public health education in smoking prevention and health promotion. It’s so bad that in 2004, a survey was conducted that found 42% of Chinese male surgeons had reported smoking in front of their patients. The Chinese Association on Tobacco Control (中国控制吸烟协会 Zhōngguó kòngzhì xīyān xiéhuì) is engaged in tobacco control by members of the voluntary sector, including academic, social and mass organizations,[3] as strong enforcement of existing tobacco control laws is not supported by the Chinese Government. China's National Health and Family Planning Commission is planning to implement a nation-wide ban on smoking in public places by the end of 2017. The rates are age-standardized. The new daily average [after the extended smoking ban] was less than half of what was reported in the first four months of this year, when the city's firefighters had to put out 325 fires caused by cigarette butts, or 2.7 per day.". A 2004 study conducted among 3,500 Chinese physicians found that 23% were regular smokers. Am Journal Prev Med 2007, Yao T, Ong M, Lee A, Jiang Y, Mao Z: Smoking knowledge, attitudes, behavior, and associated factors among Chinese male surgeons. And of course, for the sake of the public who would be visiting." According to Dr. Shigeru Omi, the WHO Regional Director for the Western Pacific region, "implementing the Convention will not be easy, as smoking is an ingrained habit in China ... but the Government has made clear its commitment to take action." "[10] Notable support also exists within the sphere of representative politics; allegedly, political advisors of the CPPCC have even gone so far as to call for smoke-free legislative sessions. But prevalence has plateaued, remaining nearly unchanged since 2006. In 2018, there were nearly 800,000 new cases of lung cancer diagnosed in China, and every year, over a million Chinese people die from tobacco-related diseases. [28]. Backlinks from other websites and blogs are the lifeblood of our site and are our primary source of new traffic. [27] Yang Tingzhong from Zhejiang University undertook campaigns and project sponsored by Bloomberg Global Initiative to ban smoking in university campuses at a nationwide scale. In light of the passage of national tobacco initiatives and international publicity for the 2008 Summer Olympics, the Beijing city government extended a public smoking ban on May 1, 2008 to include sports venues and all indoor areas of government offices, transport stations, schools and hospitals. [35] China also remains one of the three leading countries (along with India and the United States) in total number of female smokers, although these three countries accounted for only 27.3% of the world's female smokers, indicating that the tobacco epidemic is less geographically concentrated for women than for men.[35]. An economic motivation against physician smoking may be the societal loss that is caused by tobacco use. In 2018, there were 11.6 million cigarette smokers in Italy. Nearly 30 percent of adults smoke, including 53 percent of all men. The percentage of Beijing smokers above 15 years old has descended 6.5 percent in the past five years. In light of its preparations to host the 2010 World Expo, the city of Shanghai had recently heightened its anti-smoking legislation. Almost 60% of male doctors in China are smokers, representing the highest percentage of smoking doctors in the world. China has set a target to reduce the smoking rate among people aged 15 and above to 20 percent by 2030, according to the "Healthy China … Americans' reported smoking behaviors mirror the worldwide median. Please check your download folder. Tobacco control legislation does exist, but public enforcement is rare to non-existent outside the most highly internationalized cities, such as Shanghai and Beijing. Children Smoking (10–14 Y.O.) [Photo:163.com] The number of daily smokers around the world has hit 1 billion in 2015, most from China, India, the U.S. and Russia, says a new report. The law bans smoking in 12 types of public places including indoor smoking at schools, hospitals, sport stadiums, public transport vehicles and Internet cafes. The latest amendment enlarges the smoking ban to include indoor workplaces, most public places including restaurants, Internet cafés, public lavatories, beaches and most public parks. [17], Also, enforcement of national tobacco-control policies is still largely sparse in rural areas, where the state-owned China National Tobacco Corporation exerts much of its influence in tobacco production and marketing. [20] For organizers of the Expo, there was also the issue of hypocrisy if they did not deal with China's smoking problem as part of their "Healthy Expo. It may be argued that as responsible and informed adults, Chinese physicians should be given the choice of whether or not to smoke. Smoke-free list extends to healthcare facilities. No studies recorded e … China smoking rate for 2015 was 25.80%, a 0.3% decline from 2014. No studies recorded e-cigarette use. China smoking rate for 2016 was 25.60%, a 0.2% decline from 2015. And to tell you the truth, with such a pressure-filled job, smoking is extremely helpful, at times soothing, at times energizing, at times helping me focus my attention when preparing for a complex surgery or facing a stack of paperwork 10:30 at night.[32]. 12 – 14 Approximately one-third to one-half of current male smokers in China are likely to have died from smoking-related diseases by 2030 if they do not quit. Because of a sharp increase in cigarette sales in the last 30 years, around 2,000 people a day are currently dying of smoking in China. Some have suggested that so long as a cigarette does not interfere with a physician's ability to diagnose and treat patients, smoking should be permitted among health care practitioners. Also, the most concrete measure that has been taken is that Expo organizers refused a 200 million yuan ($29.3 million) donation from the Shanghai Tobacco Company last year to maintain their "healthy Expo" stance. [2], Yang Gonghuan, deputy director of the National Center of Disease Control of China, said that progress on tobacco control is not moving quickly because the government derives large tax revenues from tobacco sales, and the industry employs a large workforce. Thus it is prohibiting scenes of cigarette brands, people smoking at smoke-free places, minors buying and smoking cigarettes, and other smoking scenes associated with minors. In Indonesia, 76% of men smoke but only 3% of women; in China it’s 48% of men versus 2% of women; and in Egypt half of men smoke whilst almost no women (0.2%) do. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. China gained almost 100 million smokers between 1980 and 2012, despite an overall decrease in smoking prevalence in the same period from 30.4 percent to 24.2 percent. Furthermore, physicians in particular may resort to tobacco as a coping mechanism to deal with the day-to-day stress that is associated with long work hours and difficult patient interactions. Belgium, Czech Republic, Jordan, Russia and Syria complete the top 10. [32], Others may argue that since physicians influence the well-being of the general population, their high smoking rates serve as an unhealthy role model to Chinese citizens. That explains why China is responsible for smoking 40% of all cigarettes in the world. [30], The smoking rates from these independent studies are lower than those reported by China's state-run newspaper. The meta-analysis by Emami et al. "[15], Given the complex and multifaceted nature of political agendas in China, governmental public-health related interests often clash with economic interests. [29] Fewer smokers also believed that physicians should serve as role models for their patients and that indoor smoking in hospitals should be prohibited. The same thing happened in China, where the public smoking ban was stringent enforced with large fines attached. China gained almost 100 million smokers between 1980 and 2012, despite an overall decrease in smoking prevalence in the same period from 30.4 percent to 24.2 percent. [14] The Ministry's "Decision" formally requests local governmental units to "set up multi-agency FCTC Implementation Leading Small Groups"[5] to assist with regional strategies of enforcement, with the explicit goal that: "by the year 2010, all health administration offices, both military and non-military, and at least 50% of all medical and health institutions should become smoke-free units, so that the goal of a total smoking ban in all health administration offices and medical and health institutions can be fulfilled by 2011. The tobacco-attributed proportion is increasing in men, but low, and decreasing, in women. Beijing’s smoking control efforts mark a big step forward for China in this regard. Although there are already some smoking bans in places in these cities, government officials have realized that compliance rate is low and plans to issue a strict ban. COVID-19 is a coronavirus outbreak that initially appeared in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019, but it has already evolved into a pandemic spreading rapidly worldwide 1,2.As of 18 March 2020, a total number of 194909 cases of COVID-19 have been reported, including 7876 deaths, the majority of which have been reported in China (3242) and Italy (2505) 3. For the entire 20th century it is estimated that around 100 million people died prematurely because of smoking, most of them in rich countries. These results indicate that there has been a rapid growth of female smokers in China in recent years. Among non-smokers, 95.1% support a total ban in all schools, 78.1% support a total ban in hospitals and over 93.8% support a ban in public transport. [31], Smoking rates among Chinese male physicians are comparable to the country's general population, although overall physician rates are lower. "[5], As polls from the 2007 Ministry of Health report showed, there is widespread public approval of smoking bans among residents of urban areas. Results In Chinese men aged ≥18, 62.4% were ever-smokers in 2010, including 54.0% current smokers and 8.4% ex-smokers. They found that among 13 studies in China with nearly 6,000 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, the rate of smokers ranged from 1.4% to 12.6%. [13] From 2009, Projects sponsored by Bloomberg Initiative and directed by Yang Tingzhong were designed as the first program to prohibit all forms of smoking in University campuses in China. Nearly all Chinese physicians (95%) believed that active smoking causes lung cancer and most believed that passive smoking causes lung cancer (89%), but current smokers were less likely to hold these health beliefs than nonsmokers were. The e-cigarette usage rate of smokers aged between 15 and 24 was 1.5 percent, with around 45.4 percent of e-cigarettes bought online. [30] 2%. According to Li Zhongyang, the deputy head of the Shanghai Health Promotion Committee, the smoking ban was enacted to protect citizens' health and also promote Shanghai's image as a cosmopolitan city. "[24], "The survey also showed that 81.6 percent of respondents were eager to stop smoking, or had heard of family members and friends who were considering kicking the habit. They have a slightly higher rate than Japanese physicians (20.2%) and Japanese physicians have a smaller gender discrepancy with 27% male and 7% of female doctors smoking. Belarus, the country that consumes the most alcohol per capita, comes third, followed by Macedonia and Albania. But for women, the results were strikingly different. About 50 percent of men in China smoke, compared to only 2% of women. We also see this when we look at a map of smoking among women across the world: across much of Africa and Asia, rates are very low. On October 11, 2005, China became the 78th country in the world to ratify the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), an international treaty intended to reduce tobacco-related disease and death. The proportion of people … Some 23.3% or 12.2 million Italians now smoke, 0.4% up … This measure was intended to bring much-needed revenue to local enterprise; quotas were issued by county authorities to offices under its jurisdiction, which in turn were fined if they failed to consume the demanded quota of cigarettes, or if they were found purchasing other brands of tobacco products. Jiang Y, Ong M K, Tong E K, et al. However, due to the Chinese government's complex relationship with tobacco policy (for instance, many localities rely upon tobacco tax revenue as a substantial source of income),[6] there have been many concerns about the practicality of the national policy's enforcement. Some bars, karaoke parlors, saunas and nightclubs were exempt until 1 July 2009. Tobacco use accounts for 12 percent of total deaths in China and the country produces about 2.3 trillion cigarettes annually, which is 40 percent of the world’s total. This decision was reversed after public outcry and coverage by international press. Smoking will cause about 20% of all adult male deaths in China during the 2010s. Prevalence of smoking is the percentage of men and women ages 15 and over who currently smoke any tobacco product on a daily or non-daily basis. A campaign by China’s government to get its people to butt out has been largely successful with one glaring exception: The number of women that are lighting up has tripled in recent years. Adult Smoking (15+ Y.O.) However, 27 observational studies found that smokers constituted 1.4-18.5% of hospitalized adults. [1] The China National Tobacco Corporation (中国烟草总公司 Zhōngguó Yāncǎo Zǒnggōngsī) is by sales the largest single manufacturer of tobacco products in the world and boasts a monopoly in Mainland China generating between 7 and 10% of government revenue. [22] One most basic concern Shanghai residents have regarding the ban is the lack of clarity regarding who will do the fining and who will report the offenses. ", The Beijing government has also adopted a policy of persuasion, combined with a fine of up to 5,000 yuan ($730) for violating the ban, in an attempt to further encourage citizens to curtail public smoking.[24]. However, people continue to die and become sick needlessly, and the costs to society from tobacco use continue to mount. Read more Share of adult population who smoke in China from 2000 to 2016, by gender Hangzhou's people's congress had approved to ban smoking in public and working places in the beginning of 2010; smoking may be prohibited in some places and violators may be fined up to 3000 yuan. China Tobacco Sichuan Industry leads, Corporación Habanos sees strong growth in imported cigars 2020 AND BEYOND COVID-19 impact Recovery and opportunities CATEGORY DATA Table 30 Sales of Cigars, Cigarillos and Smoking Tobacco by Category: Volume 2014-2019 Table 31 Sales of Cigars, Cigarillos and Smoking Tobacco by Category: Value 2014-2019 Only some 30 percent of the adult males are smoking in India. The percent distribution of SHS exposure of adult non-smokers in Northeast China is given in Table 2. In 2016, approximately 1.9 percent of Chinese women smoked tobacco products. A decrease in cigarette smoking also happened in China, where the public smoking ban was stringently enforced with large fines attached. There was a significant gender difference, with 41% of male physicians reporting to be smokers but only 1% of female physicians. [12] Wu Yiqun, vice executive director with the Beijing-based Thinktank Research Center for Health Development, criticized China's tobacco industry supervisory administration for "[failing] to oversee Chinese tobacco producers" in this aspect. However, 27 observational studies found that smokers constituted 1.4-18.5% of hospitalized adults. Only some 30 percent of the adult males are smoking in India. Dingding, Xin. ", This page was last edited on 3 December 2020, at 17:22. Alternatively, smoking cessation advice offered by a doctor who smokes may seem hypocritical to the patient trying to quit. Smoking bans in lifts, public transport, cinemas, concert halls, airport terminal and escalators had been phased in between 1982 and 1997. The chair of my department smokes. Depending on the study, estimates indicate that exposure to passive smoke in China varies from 34.1% to 72.4% (11 - 15). [18], On February 12, 2011, State Administration of Radio, Film and Television, announced that it will ban inappropriate smoking scenes in movies and TV shows. Kohrman, Matthew. Belarus, the country that consumes the most alcohol per capita, comes third, followed by Macedonia and Albania. Prevalence is defined as the percentage of the population that smokes every day, adjusted for age. XI'AN, May 31 (Xinhua) -- The smoking rate for Chinese residents aged 15 and above dropped to 26.6 percent last year from 27.7 percent in 2015, said a survey report released Friday by China's disease control authorities. [4] The Ministry said that as a "mid-term goal, all health administrations and half of the country's healthcare facilities should be smoke-free by the end of 2010". 8-32 Two meta-analyses have been published which pooled the prevalence of smokers in hospitalized patients across studies based in China. In practice, it is often the case that only some government offices, schools, museums, some hospitals, and sports venues effectively function as smoke-free areas. Smokers who got hooked young were most likely to die prematurely. Chinese physicians have a substantially higher smoking prevalence than doctors in the United States (3.3%) or United Kingdom (6.8%). On the other hand, Ethiopia is in the last place with only 4.7% of its population being nicotine addicts. Please check your download folder. [20] Another survey done by public health experts from Fudan University which involved 800 hotel guests and around 4,000 patrons and employees of restaurants, shops and entertainment venues in Shanghai found that about 73 percent of the hotel guests said Shanghai should adopt a smoking ban in public areas, 84 percent of restaurant guests reported exposure to second-hand smoke, and 74 percent of them were annoyed by the fumes and support smoking controls. According to a report by the Fudan University Media and Public Opinion Research Center, 93.5% of the 509 people they interviewed supported a smoking ban at all Shanghai Expo 2010 pavilions and also felt that smoking should not be allowed in restaurants or shopping centers near the Expo area. 8-32 Two meta-analyses have been published which pooled the prevalence of smokers in hospitalized patients across studies based in China. [16] Such indeterminate enforcements of supposedly well-defined public health regulations in practice may limit the impact of de jure national smoking bans. By 2050, the researchers expect this number could rise to 8,000 a day - some three million people a year. Tobacco smoking is one of the world’s largest health problems. The new ban will be run as a pilot project under the joint auspices of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease(UNION). Current tax regulations in Chinese tobacco control policy are limited, inconsistent, and tied to the structural intricacies of domestic ownership and control of tobacco production and distribution. In Indonesia, 76% of men smoke but only 3% of women; in China it’s 48% of men versus 2% of women; and in Egypt half of men smoke whilst almost no women (0.2%) do. 371), first enacted in 1982 with several amendments subsequently. There is no legal age limit on smoking in China but it is illegal to sell cigarettes to people under 16. In addition, the report suggested a strong likelihood of success for the implementation of complete public smoking bans in seven major urban areas on the basis of demonstrated widespread popular support for such measures. Smoking in certain public places in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region has been banned from 1 January 2007 under the government's revised Smoking (Public Health) Ordinance (Cap. On May 20, 2009, the Ministry of Health of China issued a formal decision to completely ban smoking in all health administration offices and medical facilities by the year 2011. Anyone caught smoking would first be given a warning and then face a fine of 50 to 200 yuan if they resist. Americans' reported smoking behaviors mirror the worldwide median. China can still do more to make the proven tobacco control tools work for its citizens’ wellbeing. By contrast, smoking rates among women in China have dropped sharply; about 10 percent … But prevalence has plateaued, remaining nearly unchanged since 2006. [SUPChina, “China’s Cigarette Smoking Epidemic” September 5, 2019] More than 300 million Chinese adults smoke—among them more than half of all C… [WHO; Wikipedia “Smoking in the People’s Republic of China”] One of every three cigarettes consumed around the world is smoked in China. Prevalence of current tobacco use, males (% of male adults) from The World Bank: Data Cigarettes are an increasingly gendered health risk in China, according to a new study that reports 68% of Chinese men smoke, compared to just 3.2% … If you use our chart images on your site or blog, we ask that you provide attribution via a link back to this page. China has over 300 million smokers (!). About 70 percent of Chinese women are suffering from secondhand smoking, Wei said. 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